A single fluorescent probe to examine the dynamics of mitochondria-lysosome interplay and extracellular vesicle role in ferroptosis.

Ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic form of cell death characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and glutathione (GSH) depletion. Despite recent advances, challenges remain in understanding the bidirectional interactions or interplay between organelles during ferroptosis. In this study, we aimed to understand the interplay between mitochondria (Mito) and lysosomes (Lyso) in cell homeostasis and ferroptosis.

Labelling Matrix Metalloproteinases.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-containing proteases that participate in many physiological and pathological processes in vivo. Recently, the MMP network has been established according to a deeper understanding of its functions. Some MMPs have been also regarded as biomarkers of various diseases, including inflammation, nerve diseases, and cancers.

Individualized Clinical Target Volume for Irradiation of the Supraclavicular Region in Breast Cancer Based on Mapping of the Involved Ipsilateral Supraclavicular Lymph Nodes.

Purpose: To map supraclavicular fossa-involved lymph nodes (SCF-LNs) in patients with nonmetastatic breast cancer, evaluate the coverage of widely adopted atlases, and propose modified borders for individualized regional irradiation.

Methods And Materials: M0 patients with biopsy-proven SCF-LNs who were SCF treatment-naïve were included. The SCF was spatially divided into subregions, with each node mapped on the original images.

Hepatoprotective Effects of Glycyrrhetinic Acid on Lithocholic Acid-Induced Cholestatic Liver Injury Through Choleretic and Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms.

Cholestasis is a clinical syndrome triggered by the accumulation and aggregation of bile acids by subsequent inflammatory responses. The present study investigated the protective effect of glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) on the cholestatic liver injury induced by lithocholic acid (LCA) from both anti-inflammatory and choleretic mechanistic standpoints. Male C57BL/6 mice were treated with LCA twice daily for 4 days to induce intrahepatic cholestasis.

Simultaneous imaging of hypochlorous acid and nitric oxide in live cells based on a dual-channel fluorescent probe.

Both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are inevitably produced during normal human metabolism. Various ROS and RNS together form tangled networks that play important roles in many physiological and pathological processes. Here we used 1,8-naphthalene diamine as a reactive group to develop a fluorescent probe, N-[2-(6-phenylethynyl)quinolinylmethyl]-1,8-diamino naphthalene (QBN), for HOCl and NO.

3DPhenoFish: Application for two- and three-dimensional fish morphological phenotype extraction from point cloud analysis.

Fish morphological phenotypes are important resources in artificial breeding, functional gene mapping, and population-based studies in aquaculture and ecology. Traditional morphological measurement of phenotypes is rather expensive in terms of time and labor. More importantly, manual measurement is highly dependent on operational experience, which can lead to subjective phenotyping results.

Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) in Targeted Drug Delivery: Synthesis of a Potent and Highly Selective Inhibitor against Matrix Metalloproteinase- 7.

Background: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc endopeptidases that play a key role in both physiological and pathological tissue degradation. MMPs have reportedly shown great potentials in the degradation of the Extracellular Matrix (ECM), have shown great potentials in targeting bioactive and imaging agents in cancer treatment. MMPs could provoke Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) of cancer cells and manipulate their signaling, adhesion, migration and invasion to promote cancer cell aggressiveness.

CD226 deletion improves post-infarction healing via modulating macrophage polarization in mice.

Macrophages are essential for wound repair after myocardial infarction (MI). CD226, a member of immunoglobulin superfamily, is expressed on inflammatory monocytes, however, the role of CD226 in infarct healing and the effect of CD226 on macrophage remain unknown. Wild type and CD226 knockout (CD226 KO) mice were subjected to permanent coronary ligation.

Protective effect of cultured bear bile powder against dimethylnitrosamine-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats.

Natural bear bile has been used for liver disease in East Asia for thousands of years. However, its use has restrictions. In the current study, the therapeutic effects and potential mechanisms of cultured bear bile powder (CBBP) against hepatic fibrosis were evaluated in a dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced rat model.

A Quninolylthiazole Derivatives as an ICT-Based Fluorescent Probe of Hg(II) and its Application in Ratiometric Imaging in Live HeLa Cells.

As a structural analogue of pyridylthiazole, 2-(2-benzothiazoyl)-phenylethynylquinoline (QBT) was designed as a fluorescent probe for Hg(II) based on an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) mechanism. The compound was synthesized in three steps starting from 6-bromo-2-methylquinoline, with moderate yield. Corresponding studies on the optical properties of QBT indicate that changes in the fluorescence ratio of QBT in response to Hg(II) could be quantified based on dual-emission changes.

Fluorescent Sensing of both Fe(III) and pH Based on 4-Phenyl-2-(2-Pyridyl)Thiazole and Construction of OR Logic Function.

In the presented paper we investigated a 2-pyridylthiazole derivative, 4-phenyl-2-(2-pyridyl)thiazole (2-PTP), as the molecular fluorescent switches. It was firstly found that 2-PTP could perform a "turn-on" fluorescent sensing for Fe(III) with selectivity and reversibility. A 2:1 stoichiometry between 2-PTP and Fe(III) was determined according to the molar ratio method.

Fluorescence-Enhanced Sensing of Hypochlorous Acid Based on 2-Pyridylthiazole Unit.

Hypochlorous acid, being one of reactive oxygen species (ROS), is essential to protect the body against invasion of pathogens. Excess of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is believed to be in tight connection with various inflammation-related diseases. It remains a challenge to detect the ROS in physiological conditions (aqueous buffer and neutral pH) with selectivity.

Ratiometically Fluorescent Sensing of Zn(II) Based on Dual-Emission of 2-Pyridylthiazole Derivatives.

A new fluorophore, 4-methyl-2-(2-pyridyl)-5-(2-thiophenyl)thiazole (2-PTT), was reported as a ratiometically fluorescent sensor of zinc(II) based on dual-emission with selectivity and sensitivity. Two emission bands at 440 and 497 nm were observed before and after addition of zinc(II), respectively. Job's plot disclosed the 1:1 stoichiometry between 2-PTT and zinc(II).

Molecular keypad locks based on gated photochromism and enhanced fluorescence by protonation effects.

Being a "lock-unlock" system, gated photochromism is generally applied in nondestructive readout for optical memory materials. In the presented paper, we successfully constructed molecular keypad locks by introduction of the gated photochromism. A series of diarylethenes compounds (DAEs) based on fluorescent 5-methoxy-2-pyridyl thiazoles, were prepared and then characterized as photochromic fluorescent switches.

Digital pH fluorescent sensing shown by small organic molecules.

A series of 2-(N-oxide pyridyl)-5-methoxythiazoles were synthesized and corresponding optical properties were also investigated. It is first found that a digital-type fluorescent responses in a sharp pH variation with dual-emission could be fulfilled based on a small fluorophore.

3,6-Diiodo-9H-carbazole.

In the title compound, C(12)H(7)I(2)N, the tricyclic aromatic ring system is essentially planar, with an r.m.s.

Polymorph of 4-(carbazol-9-yl)benzo-nitrile.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(19)H(12)N(2), contains two independent mol-ecules with a similar structure. In the two mol-ecules, the dihedral angles between the carbazole ring system and the benzene ring are 47.9 (5) and 45.

Characterization of alpha-nitromethyl ketone as a new zinc-binding group based on structural analysis of its complex with carboxypeptidase A.

Zinc-binding groups (ZBGs) are exhaustively applied in the development of the new inhibitors against a wide variety of physiologically and pathologically important zinc proteases. Here the alpha-nitro ketone was presented as a new ZBG, which is a transition-state analog featured by the unique bifurcated hydrogen bonds at the active site of carboxypeptidase A based on the structural analysis. Introduction of a nitro group at the alpha-position of the ketone could provide more non-covalent interactions without loss of the abilities to form a tetrahedral transition-state analog.

Nitro as a novel zinc-binding group in the inhibition of carboxypeptidase A.

2-Substituted 3-nitropropanoic acids were designed and synthesized as inhibitors against carboxypeptidase A (CPA). (R)-2-Benzyl- 3-nitropropanoic acid showed a potent inhibition against CPA (K(i)=0.15 microM).

9-[4,5-Bis(benzyl-sulfan-yl)-1,3-dithiol-2-yl-idene]-4,5-diaza-fluorene.

In rhe title compound, C(28)H(20)N(2)S(4), the 1,3-dithiol-2-yl-idene and 4,5-diaza-fluoren-9-one (dafone) groups are almost coplanar, making a dihedral angle of only 5.65 (4)°. The two benzyl groups are on different sides of the 1,3-dithiol-2-yl-idene ring, forming a dihedral angle of 35.

Optically active 2-benzyl-3-methanesulfinylpropanoic acid: Synthesis and evaluation as inhibitors for carboxypeptidase A.

All four possible stereomers of 2-benzyl-3-methanesulfinylpropanoic acid were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors for carboxypeptidase A to find that the isomer having the (2S,4S)-configuration is most potent followed by isomers of (2R,4S)- and (2S,4R)-configurations. The stereochemical preferences shown by the isomers of the inhibitor in binding to the enzyme suggest that the sulfoxide oxygen in the inhibitor fails to ligate the active site zinc ion but may form a hydrogen bond with the guanidinium moiety of Arg-127 like the carbonyl oxygen of scissile peptide bond of oligopeptide substrate of the enzyme does. It may thus be inferred that a sulfoxide moiety may serve as an isosterer of a carboxamide moiety.