Aim: To explore whether self-efficacy has any positive or negative mediating effects between family functioning and quality of life among elders with chronic diseases.
Design: A cross-sectional study.
Methods: Questionnaires were collected from 516 community-dwelling elderly individuals with chronic diseases using a convenience sampling method.
Surface modification of carbon materials is an important issue for its potential application. In this work, this purpose has been successfully achieved by the incorporation of polydopamine (PDA) and phosphomolybdic acid (PMA), forming carbon/PDA/PMA hybrid electrode materials, in which PDA acts both as a linker molecule and as a pseudo-capacitance provider, and PMA contributes to pseudo-capacitive performance. It is revealed that adding PDA and/or PMA results in a decrease of porosity but in an increase of electrical conductivity and thus a suitable combination of porosity, conductivity, and pseudo-capacitance is vital for achieving the optimization of capacitive performance.
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