Tumor necrosis factor α deficiency promotes myogenesis and muscle regeneration.

Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) exhibits diverse biological functions; however, its regulatory roles in myogenesis are not fully understood. In the present study, we explored the function of in myoblast proliferation, differentiation, migration, and myotube fusion in primary myoblasts and C2C12 cells. To this end, we constructed muscle-conditional knockout ( -CKO) mice and compared them with mice to assess the effects of knockout on skeletal muscles.