Preference of carbon absorption determines the competitive ability of algae along atmospheric CO concentration.

Although many studies have focused on the effects of elevated atmospheric CO on algal growth, few of them have demonstrated how CO interacts with carbon absorption capacity to determine the algal competition at the population level. We conducted a pairwise competition experiment of sp., , and .

Optogenetic Neuronal Stimulation Promotes Functional Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury.

Although spinal cord injury (SCI) is the main cause of disability worldwide, there is still no definite and effective treatment method for this condition. Our previous clinical trials confirmed that the increased excitability of the motor cortex was related to the functional prognosis of patients with SCI. However, it remains unclear which cell types in the motor cortex lead to the later functional recovery.

Effect of transcranial direct-current stimulation on cognitive function in stroke patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive approach that can alter brain excitability. Several studies have shown the effectiveness of tDCS in improving language and movement function in stroke patients. However, the effect of tDCS on cognitive function after stroke remains uncertain.

Reevaluating the ability of cerebellum in associative motor learning.

It has been well established that the cerebellum and its associated circuitry constitute the essential neuronal system for both delay and trace classical eyeblink conditioning (DEC and TEC). However, whether the cerebellum is sufficient to independently modulate the DEC, and TEC with a shorter trace interval remained controversial. Here, we used direct optogenetic stimulation of mossy fibers in the middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP) as a conditioned stimulus (CS) replacement for the peripheral CS (eg, a tone CS or a light CS) paired with a periorbital shock unconditioned stimulus (US) to examine the ability of the cerebellum to learn the DEC and the TEC with various trace intervals.

In vivo evaluation of microglia activation by intracranial iron overload in central pain after spinal cord injury.

Background: Central pain (CP) is a common clinical problem in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Recent studies found the pathogenesis of CP was related to the remodeling of the brain. We investigate the roles of iron overload and subsequent microglia activate in the remodeling of the brain after SCI.

Effect of oxidative stress induced by intracranial iron overload on central pain after spinal cord injury.

Background: Central pain (CP) is a common clinical problem in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Recent studies found the pathogenesis of CP was related to the remodeling of the brain. We investigate the roles of iron overload and subsequent oxidative stress in the remodeling of the brain after SCI.

Resting-state functional connectivity abnormalities in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and their healthy first-degree relatives.

Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common, heritable neuropsychiatric disorder, hypothetically underpinned by dysfunction of brain cortical-striatal-thalamic-cortical (CSTC) circuits; however, the extent of brain functional abnormalities in individuals with OCD is unclear, and the genetic basis of this disorder is poorly understood. We determined the whole brain functional connectivity patterns in patients with OCD and their healthy first-degree relatives.

Methods: We used resting-state fMRI to measure functional connectivity strength in patients with OCD, their healthy first-degree relatives and healthy controls.

Nicotinamide pretreatment protects cardiomyocytes against hypoxia-induced cell death by improving mitochondrial stress.

Background/aims: Nicotinamide plays a protective role in hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte dysfunction. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate these and the effect of nicotinamide pretreatment on hypoxic cardiomyocytes.

[Correlation analysis between the expression of aquaporin 4 and magnetic resonance imaging of brain tissue in severely scalded rabbit with brain edema during early stage].

Objective: To observe expression pattern of aquaporin 4 (AQP4) in brain tissue of severely scalded rabbit during early stage of brain edema and its relationship with signal changes in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and to explore the feature of water transmembrane transportation in brain edema at early stage after severe scald.

Methods: Thirty-five healthy New Zealand white rabbits were divided into control group (C, n = 5) and scald group (S, n = 30) according to the random number table. Rabbits in S group were inflicted with 50% TBSA full-thickness scald with brain edema (confirmed by histopathologic examination).