Effects of DNA Damage and Oxidative Stress in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells Exposed to PM from Beijing, China, in Winter.

Epidemiological studies have corroborated that respiratory diseases, including lung cancer, are related to fine particulate matter (<2.5 μm) (PM) exposure. The toxic responses of PM are greatly influenced by the source of PM.

Elimination of antibiotic resistance genes in waste activated sludge by persulfate treatment during the process of sludge dewatering.

Two sludge conditioning modes (nanoscale zero valent iron modified by Ginkgo biloba L. leaf (G-nZVI)/sodium persulfate (PS) conditioning with different ratios (1:0, 1:0.1, 1:1 and 1:10) and G-nZVI/PS conditioning with continuous addition) in reducing the specific resistance of filtration (SRF) and removing antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) were investigated.

Sulfidated nanoscale zero-valent iron is an efficient material for the removal and regrowth inhibition of antibiotic resistance genes.

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile gene elements (MGEs), the emerging genetic contaminants, are regarded as severe risks to public health for impairing the inactivation efficacy of antibiotics. Secondary effluents from wastewater treatment plants are the hotspots for spreading these menaces. Herein, sulfidated nanoscale zero-valent iron (S-nZVI) was occupied to remove ARGs and MGEs in secondary effluents and weaken the regrowth capacity of their bacterial carriers.

Emergence and spread patterns of antibiotic resistance genes during two different aerobic granular sludge cultivation processes.

The prevalence and accumulation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were frequently detected in biological wastewater treatment processes, which might cause potential health crisis to human. In present study, the fates of ARGs during two different aerobic granular sludge (AGS) cultivation processes were investigated. The results showed that traditional AGS (T-AGS) cultivation process and enhanced AGS (E-AGS) cultivation process had significant differences (P < 0.

DNA-based stable isotope probing identifies triclosan degraders in nitrification systems under different surfactants.

Three widely-used surfactants, rhamnolipid (RL), sophorolipid (SL) and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), were chosen to investigate their effects on the nitrification systems treating step-wised triclosan (TCS). Surfactants had little effects on nitrification. Surfactants could promote the desorption of TCS and enhance the TCS biodegradation in nitrification systems.

Enhanced granulation process, a more effective way of aerobic granular sludge cultivation in pilot-scale application comparing to normal granulation process: From the perspective of microbial insights.

Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) could be cultivated from only flocs (called normal granulation (NG) process) or mixture of flocs and crushed AGS (called enhanced granulation (EG) process), which might lead to different system performances such as granulation speed and pollutants removal efficiencies. However, the differences of mechanisms between NG and EG processes at microbial community level are still unknown. In this study, the NG and EG processes were implemented successively in a pilot-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with certain amounts of additional carbon sources.

The dominance of non-halophilic archaea in autotrophic ammonia oxidation of activated sludge under salt stress: A DNA-based stable isotope probing study.

Dynamics of nitrification activity, ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) abundance and active ammonia oxidizers of activated sludge were explored under different salinities. Results showed that specific ammonium oxidation rates were significantly negative with increasing salinity. The responses of AOA and AOB populations to salt stress were distinct.

More obvious air pollution impacts on variations in bacteria than fungi and their co-occurrences with ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms in PM.

Based on long-term systematic sampling, information is currently limited regarding the impacts of different air pollution levels on variations of bacteria, fungi and ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms (AOMs) in fine particulate matter (PM), especially their interactions. Here, PM samples were weekly collected at different air pollution levels in Beijing, China during one-year period. Microbial composition was profiled using Illumina sequencing, and their interactions were further investigated to reveal the hub genera with network analysis.

Effects of triclosan on performance, microbial community and antibiotic resistance genes during partial denitrification in a sequencing moving bed biofilm reactor.

Effects of triclosan (TCS) on performance, microbial community and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during partial denitrification (PD) were investigated in a sequencing moving bed biofilm reactor (SMBBR). TCS inhibited nitrite accumulation; inhibition effect was more obvious as TCS concentration increased from 1 to 5 mg/L, but it could recover. Extracellular polymeric substances contents increased with 1 mg/L TCS addition and decreased a lot at 5 mg/L TCS.

Simultaneous adsorption and degradation of triclosan by Ginkgo biloba L. stabilized Fe/Co bimetallic nanoparticles.

Triclosan (TCS), an antimicrobial agent added in many pharmaceutical and personal care products, can cause some environmental problems due to its bioaccumulation, toxicity and potential antibiotic cross-resistance. In this study, Ginkgo biloba L. leaf extract was used as the green stabilizing agent to synthesize Fe/Co bimetallic nanoparticles (G-Fe/Co NPs), which were applied to remove TCS from aqueous solution.

The more important role of archaea than bacteria in nitrification of wastewater treatment plants in cold season despite their numerical relationships.

Nitrification failure of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in cold season calls into investigations of the functional ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms (AOMs). In this study, we report the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), bacteria (AOB) and complete ammonia-oxidizing (comammox) Nitrospira in 23 municipal WWTPs in cold season, and explore the correlations between AOMs abundance and their relative contribution to nitrification. The copy numbers of AOA and AOB amoA gene ranged from 2.

[Shovel-shaped electrode transurethral plasmakinetic enucleation versus plasmakinetic resection of the prostate in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia].

Objective: To compare the safety and effectiveness of shovel-shaped electrode transurethral plasmakinetic enucleation of the prostate (PKEP) with those of plasmakinetic resection of the prostate (PKRP) in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data about 78 BPH patients received in Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital from June 2016 to January 2017, 39 treated by shovel-shaped electrode PKEP and the other 39 by PKRP. We observed the patients for 6 months postoperatively and compared the effects and safety of the two surgical strategies.

Functional genera, potential pathogens and predicted antibiotic resistance genes in 16 full-scale wastewater treatment plants treating different types of wastewater.

This study aimed to investigate the bacterial communities and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in 16 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) treating municipal, industrial and mixed wastewater. Wastewater types showed obvious effects on bacterial communities and functions. Nitrosomonas, Nitrospira, Hyphomicrobium and Accumulibacter were the main functional genera.

[Microbial Community Dynamics During Two Sludge Granulation Processes].

Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) was cultivated in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). In this study, AGS was broken during the formation process and then mature AGS formed again. The microbial community dynamics during two sludge granulation processes were investigated using high-throughput sequencing to reveal the dominant bacteria beneficial to AGS formation.

[Microbial Population Dynamics During Sludge Granulation in a Simultaneous Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal System].

In this study, domestic sewage was utilized to cultivate aerobic granular sludge (AGS) in a simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal (SNPR) system. The bacterial population dynamics during the aerobic sludge granulation were investigated to reveal the granulation mechanisms using Illumina MiSeq PE300 high-throughput sequencing. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were used to investigate shifts in the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs).

[Short-term Effect of Roxithromycin on Abundance and Diversity of Ammonia-Oxidizing Microorganisms in Activated Sludge].

In this study, the short-term effect of roxithromycin(ROX) on the abundance and diversity of ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB) based on gene in activated sludge were investigated by high-throughput sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR). High-throughput sequencing overcomes the drawbacks of low sequencing depth, significant randomness and great bias of traditional Sanger sequencing. This approach can provide enough sequencing depth to comprehensively investigate the sensitive and insensitive ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms under ROX selective pressure.

Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria dominate ammonia oxidation in a full-scale wastewater treatment plant revealed by DNA-based stable isotope probing.

A full-scale wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) with three separate treatment processes was selected to investigate the effects of seasonality and treatment process on the community structures of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB). And then DNA-based stable isotope probing (DNA-SIP) was applied to explore the active ammonia oxidizers. The results of high-throughput sequencing indicated that treatment processes varied AOB communities rather than AOA communities.

Shifts in bacterial community composition and abundance of nitrifiers during aerobic granulation in two nitrifying sequencing batch reactors.

Shifts in bacterial community composition and abundance of nitrifiers during aerobic granulation, and the effects of wastewater composition on them were investigated using Illumina sequencing and quantitative PCR. The bacterial diversity decreased sharply during the post-granulation period. Although cultivated with different wastewater types, aerobic granular sludge (AGS) formed with similar bacterial structure.

Diversity, abundance and activity of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms in fine particulate matter.

Increasing ammonia emissions could exacerbate air pollution caused by fine particulate matter (PM). Therefore, it is of great importance to investigate ammonia oxidation in PM. This study investigated the diversity, abundance and activity of ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA), ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and complete ammonia oxidizers (Comammox) in PM collected in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei megalopolis, China.

[Abundance and Community Composition of Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea in Two Completely Autotrophic Nitrogen Removal over Nitrite Systems].

Ammonia oxidation is the first and rate-limiting step of nitrification, which was thought to be only performed by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). In recent years, ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) was also confirmed to take part in ammonia oxidation. The diversity and abundance of AOA have been investigated in various environments, however, little is known regarding the AOA in the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) wastewater treatment process.

Quantitative analyses of the composition and abundance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in eight full-scale biological wastewater treatment plants.

This study investigated the diversity and abundance of AOA and AOB amoA genes in eight full-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Although the process principles and system operations of the eight WWTPs were different, quantitative real-time PCR measurements showed that AOB amoA genes outnumbered AOA amoA genes with the ratio varying from 2.56 to 2.

[Fractal characteristics of mature aerobic granular sludge cultivated by different carbon sources].

In order to characterize the dense and regular level of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) which was cultivated by different carbon sources, the SEM images of mature AGS were used in the study. The calculation process using Photoshop and Fips2 on fractal characteristics of these granules was built. The lowest box-counting dimension was bulking aerobic granular sludge cultivated by glucose (No.

Contributions of functional groups and extracellular polymeric substances on the biosorption of dyes by aerobic granules.

The contributions of loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances (LB-EPS), tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS), residual sludge (the sludge left after EPS extraction) and functional groups such as amine, carboxyl, phosphate and lipid on aerobic granules on biosorption of four different dyes (Reactive Brilliant Blue KN-R (KN-R), Congo Red (CR), Reactive Brilliant Red K-2G (RBR) and Malachite Green (MG)) were investigated. EPS may be responsible for biosorption of cationic dyes. However, residual sludge always made greater contribution than that of EPS.

[Formation and reaction mechanism of simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal by aerobic granular sludge].

Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) for simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal (SNPR) was cultivated and studied in two lab-scale sequencing batch reactors (named as A & B) treating real domestic wastewater, additional carbon (sodium propionate and sodium acetate for A, glucose for B) was added to make the ratio of COD:N:P as 360:60:6, good SNPR was achieved at normal (18-27 degrees C) and low temperature (9-13 degrees C). The microbial community composition and distribution, distribution of cells and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and morphologies of the AGS were investigated using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), in situ fluorescent staining and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. FISH results showed that ammonium-oxidizing bacteria comprised 12% of all the bacteria and were mainly located at the outer parts of the granules; phosphates accumulating organisms comprised 40% of all the bacteria and were mainly located in the inner parts of the granules.

Competitive biosorption of Yellow 2G and Reactive Brilliant Red K-2G onto inactive aerobic granules: simultaneous determination of two dyes by first-order derivative spectrophotometry and isotherm studies.

This study focused on the competitive biosorption of Yellow 2G (Y2G) and Reactive Brilliant Red K-2G (RBR) by inactive aerobic granules in binary solutions. A first-order derivative spectrophotometric method for the simultaneous determination of Y2G and RBR in binary solutions was developed. Dubinin-Raduskevich (D-R) isotherm successfully predicted the biosorption of Y2G and RBR in both single and binary solutions.