Bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation in advanced Parkinson's disease: five year follow-up.

Objective: To assess the long-term efficacy and safety of bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD).

Methods: 42 consecutive patients with idiopathic PD treated with bilateral STN stimulation were enrolled. Parkinsonian status, medication intake and neuropsychological evaluation were assessed preoperatively and at 1 and 5 years postoperatively in on and off medication/on and off stimulation conditions.

Globus pallidus stimulation reduces frontal hyperactivity in tardive dystonia.

Tardive dystonia (TD) is a disabling disorder induced by neuroleptics. Internal globus pallidus (GPi) stimulation can dramatically improve TD. The present positron emission tomography and H(2)(15)O study aimed to characterize the abnormalities of brain activation of TD and the impact of GPi stimulation on these abnormalities in five TD patients treated with GPi stimulation and eight controls.

Epilepsia partialis continua with dystonic hand movement in a patient with a malformation of cortical development.

Malformations of cortical development (MCD) with polymicrogyria and schizencephaly are due to abnormal cortical organization and usually manifest by intractable epilepsy and mental retardation. Epileptical activity is often hard to register and focal dystonia associated with such MCD has previously been described but without any metabolic imaging. We report here a 46-year-old man presenting with late-onset atypical abnormal movements of his left hand associated with right central region MCD.

Bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation in advanced Parkinson's disease: three years follow-up.

Objective: To assess the long-term efficacy and safety of chronic bilateral stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD).

Methods: 36 consecutive patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease treated with bilateral stimulation of the STN were studied. Parkinsonian status was assessed preoperatively and at 1 and 3 years postoperatively using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and neuropsychological evaluation in on and off-medication / on and off stimulation conditions.

Contribution of Jules Froment to the study of parkinsonian rigidity.

Rigidity is commonly defined as a resistance to passive movement. In Parkinson's disease (PD), two types of rigidity are classically recognized which may coexist, "leadpipe " and "cogwheel". Charcot was the first to investigate parkinsonian rigidity during the second half of the nineteenth century, whereas Negro and Moyer described cogwheel rigidity at the beginning of the twentieth century.

Chorea induced by globus pallidus externus stimulation in a dystonic patient.

Bilateral high-frequency stimulation of the internal part of the pallidum has proven its efficacy in improving motor symptoms of dystonia. In Parkinson's disease, the stimulation of the external pallidum (GPe) can induce dyskinesias. This has never been described in dystonia.

Can chronic subthalamic nucleus stimulation induce de novo tremor in Parkinson's disease?

Subthalamic nucleus stimulation dramatically improves parkinsonian symptoms, notably the tremor. The occurrence of a tremor in the first 6 months after the surgical procedure in patients without tremor preoperatively is much less common. We report on the cases of 3 patients who developed such modification of their parkinsonian symptomatology.

Role of dopaminergic treatment in dopamine receptor down-regulation in advanced Parkinson disease: a positron emission tomographic study.

Background: In patients with advanced Parkinson disease (PD) who are undergoing long-term treatment with a dopaminergic medication, a down-regulation of striatal dopamine D2 receptor expression has been demonstrated and interpreted as a consequence of either the disease itself or dopaminergic drug administration.

Objective: To compare, using positron emission tomography, the striatal binding of raclopride carbon C 11, a dopamine D2 receptor ligand, in PD patients who completely discontinued dopaminergic therapy (off drug) with that in PD patients who continued receiving dopaminergic therapy (on drug) after undergoing subthalamic nucleus stimulation.

Main Outcome Measures: The positron emission tomographic data were acquired in off-stimulation and, for 12 hours, off-medication conditions.