Structure characterization and preliminary immune activity of a glucomannan purified from Allii Tuberosi Semen.

A novel glucomannan, named ATSW-1, was obtained from Allii Tuberosi Semen by ion and gel permeation chromatography purification. Its structure was characterized using high-performance chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The in vitro immune activities of ATSW-1 were examined using the Cell Counting Kit-8, the neutral red phagocytosis assay, and the secretion of related cytokines.

BefA protein alleviates progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by modulating the AMPK signaling pathway through the gut-liver axis.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver diseases worldwide, necessitating urgent novel oral treatments. In this study, β-cell expansion factor A (BefA) was evaluated in a murine NAFLD model induced by high-fat diet (HFD). Our results revealed that BefA significantly reduced body weight (36.

PlexinD1 is a driver and a therapeutic target in advanced prostate cancer.

Aggressive prostate cancer (PCa) variants associated with androgen receptor signaling inhibitor (ARSI) resistance and metastasis remain poorly understood. Here, we identify the axon guidance semaphorin receptor PlexinD1 as a crucial driver of cancer aggressiveness in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). High PlexinD1 expression in human PCa is correlated with adverse clinical outcomes.

Hypoglycemic effect of -pMTL007-GLP-1 engineered probiotics on type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia. Recently, the incidence of diabetes has increased exponentially, and it is estimated to become the seventh leading cause of global mortality by 2030. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), a hormone derived from the intestine, has been demonstrated to exert remarkable hypoglycemic effects.

LC-STH-13 ameliorates the progression of SLE in MRL/lpr mice by inhibiting the TLR9/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease often treated with glucocorticoids, which can lead to complications such as osteoporosis and an increased infection risk. Hence, identifying safe and effective treatment strategies is crucial. has shown promise in improving immune disorders.

The parasitoid Exorista sorbillans exploits host silkworm encapsulation to build respiratory funnel for survival.

Insect parasitoids have evolved sophisticated strategies to evade or modulate host immunity for parasitic infections. The precise mechanisms by which parasitoids counteract host anti-parasitic responses are poorly defined. Here we report a novel immune evasion strategy employed by the parasitoid Exorista sorbillans (Diptera: Tachinidae) to establish infection.

Phosphorylation of cellulose synthases in plant responses to environmental changes.

Cellulose, synthesized by cellulose synthase (CESA) complexes, is an essential component of plant cell walls; defects in cellulose synthesis compromise cell wall integrity. The maintenance of this integrity is vital for plant growth, development, and stress responses. Consequently, plants must continuously synthesize and remodel their cell walls, a process intricately linked to cellulose biosynthesis.

Immunoglobulin superfamily member 1 upregulates myc proto-oncogene to accelerate invasion and metastasis of endometrial cancer: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic prospects.

Objective: Endometrial cancer (EC) is a common gynecological malignancy, and its metastasis is one of the primary causes of treatment failure. Immunoglobulin superfamily member 1 (IGSF1), a membrane protein, has been associated with the aggressiveness and metastatic capability of various cancers. However, the role and mechanism of this protein in EC remains unclear.

LPL-RH suppresses bone loss in ovariectomised rat models.

Background: Evidence has revealed that oestrogen deprivation-induced osteolysis is microbiota-dependent and can be treated by probiotics. However, the underlying mechanism require further investigation. This study aims to provide additional evidence supporting the use of probiotics as an adjuvant treatment and to explore the pathophysiology of oestrogen-deprived osteolysis.

Current trends in sensitizing immune checkpoint inhibitors for cancer treatment.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have dramatically transformed the treatment landscape for various malignancies, achieving notable clinical outcomes across a wide range of indications. Despite these advances, resistance to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) remains a critical clinical challenge, characterized by variable response rates and non-durable benefits. However, growing research into the complex intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics of tumors has advanced our understanding of the mechanisms behind ICI resistance, potentially improving treatment outcomes.

Effects of PM components on hypertension and diabetes: Assessing the mitigating influence of green spaces.

Background: Particulate matter with diameters ≤2.5 μm (PM) is a significant air pollutant associated with hypertension and diabetes. However, the specific contributions of its components and their joint exposure with green spaces remain poorly understood, especially in developing regions.

A Meta-Analysis of Dietary Inhibitors for Reducing Methane Emissions via Modulating Rumen Microbiota in Ruminants.

Background: Rumen methane emissions (RMEs) significantly contribute to global greenhouse gas emissions, underscoring the essentials to identify effective inhibitors for RME mitigation. Despite various inhibitors shown potential in reducing RME by modulating rumen microbes, their impacts include considerable variations and inconsistency.

Objectives: We aimed to quantitatively assess the impacts of various methane inhibitors on RME, rumen microbial abundance, and fermentation in ruminants.

A Novel System for Simultaneous Real-Time Determination of N-Enriched Ammonia, Hydroxylamine, Nitrite, and Nitrate.

Ammonium (NH), hydroxylamine (NHOH), nitrite (NO), and nitrate (NO) account for the most important reactive nitrogen (N) species in the N cycle, playing a key role in N elimination and N retention, as well as the production of nitrogenous trace gases. However, it is still challenging to fulfill simultaneous real-time determination of all four N compounds enriched in N. This study successfully established a novel system by coupling an utomatic imultaneous ample reparation unit to a embrane nlet ass pectrometer (4n-ASSP-MIMS) for rapid online N fraction analysis of all four key compounds in the N cycle.

Effects of fine particulate matter and its chemical constituents on influenza-like illness in Guangzhou, China.

Background: Although the link between fine particulate matter (PM) and influenza-like illness (ILI) is well established, the effect of the chemical constituents of PM on ILI remains unclear. This study aims to explore this effect in Guangzhou, China.

Methods: Daily data on ILI cases, PM levels, and specific PM constituents (black carbon [BC], chlorine [Cl], ammonia [NH], nitrate [NO], and sulfate [SO]) in Guangzhou, China, were collected for the period of 2014-2019.

Impact of extreme temperature on congenital heart disease mortality: a population-based nationwide case-crossover study.

Background: The association between congenital heart disease (CHD) and non-optimal temperatures has received limited investigation. We aimed to investigate the impact of extreme temperatures on CHD mortality.

Methods: We reviewed the National Mortality Surveillance System of China and retrieved death records attributable to CHD from 2013 to 2021.

A Constant Filgotinib Delivery Adhesive Platform Based on Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Hydrogel for Accelerating Wound Healing via Restoring Macrophage Mitochondrial Homeostasis.

Skin wound healing is often hindered by disrupted mitochondrial homeostasis and imbalanced macrophage glucose metabolism, posing a critical challenge to improve patient outcomes. Developing new wound healing dressings capable of effectively regulating macrophage immune-metabolic functions remains a pressing issue. Herein, a highly adhesive polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel loaded with the Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) inhibitor Filgotinib (Fil@GEL) is prepared to modulate macrophage metabolic reprogramming and restore normal mitochondrial function.

Association of multiple environmental exposures with rhinitis and asthma symptoms in preschool children: Identifying critical risk factor.

Background: The concept "one airway, one disease" for childhood rhinitis and asthma has been challenged in recent years. This study aimed to evaluate associations of environmental exposures with alone and co-morbid symptoms of rhinitis and asthma and identify critical risk factor.

Methods: 5828 children aged 3-6 years in Shanghai were surveyed in 2019.

Bevacizumab increases cisplatin efficacy by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition via ALDH1 in cervical carcinoma.

Cervical carcinoma has the highest incidence among gynaecological cancers in developing countries where the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is not yet widely used. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the key factors affecting treatment efficacy and cancer prognosis. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) is a marker of CSCs, and its expression is closely related to chemotherapy resistance in cervical carcinoma.

Improved Efficiency and Stability in Pure-Red CdSe Nanoplatelet LEDs Enabled by Gradient Alloyed CdSeS/CdZnS Crown/Shell.

Anisotropic nanoplatelets (NPLs) possess strong in-plane transition dipole moments and out-of-plane emission, which enable a maximum photon out-coupling efficiency of 40% and a high gain coefficient, making them ideal candidates for light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and lasers. However, the unbalanced surface energy between the side and top facets of NPLs results in poor thermal stability and high susceptibility to ripening at elevated temperatures, which complicates the growth of the shell. To address this issue, a gradient crown (CdSeS) around the CdSe NPLs is designed to stabilize the high energy side facets.

Corticostriatal glutamate-mediated dynamic therapeutic efficacy of electroacupuncture in a parkinsonian rat model.

Background: Motor impairments are the defining cardinal features of Parkinson's disease (PD), resulting from malfunction of the cortico-basal ganglia circuit. Clinical data have demonstrated that electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation may benefit motor symptoms in PD without adverse effects. However, the specific effects of EA on PD and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear.

Association of short-term exposure to PM with hospital admission from total and cause-specific respiratory diseases.

Background And Objective: Evidence of short-term exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤1 μm (PM) on hospital admission for respiratory diseases (RDs) is limited. We aimed to estimate the associated risk of PM on hospital admissions for RDs.

Methods: In this time-stratified case-crossover study, we assigned cases who had been admitted to hospital for RDs in Guangdong, China between 2016 and 2019.

Chiral Bimetallic Cuprous-Lead Hybrid Iodide Single Crystals toward Occurrence of Second Harmonic Generation.

Hybrid bimetallic halides with two different optical activities have exhibited excellent optical properties, which demonstrates great potential in the optoelectronic fields. To develop hybrid cuprous-lead bimetallic halides with unique non-centrosymmetric structures, we introduced the chiral cations /-2-CHN (CHN = methylpiperazinium) into inorganic frameworks containing two different heterometallic cuprous and lead cations, respectively, and successfully obtained the novel chiral hybrid bimetallic halides of (/-2-CHN)CuPbI single crystals by the hydrothermal method. Bimetallic anionic [CuPbI] framework structures were constructed from two different [PbI] and two different [CuI] twisted polyhedra, and band gap calculations were demonstrated.

The CCL5/CCR5 axis in ulcerative colitis.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic nonspecific inflammatory bowel disease characterized mainly by inflammatory changes in the intestinal mucosa. While the specific etiology of UC remains unclear, it is generally believed that it is related to many factors, among which the imbalance in the expression of molecules involved in pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory processes can lead to UC. CCL5 (C-C chemokine ligand 5) is one of the key pro-inflammatory factors and plays an indispensable role in various inflammatory diseases, including UC.