Exosomes: A Cellular Communication Medium That Has Multiple Effects On Brain Diseases.

Exosomes, as membranous vesicles generated by multiple cell types and secreted to extracellular space, play a crucial role in a range of brain injury-related brain disorders by transporting diverse proteins, RNA, DNA fragments, and other functional substances. The nervous system's pathogenic mechanisms are complicated, involving pathological processes like as inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and autophagy, all of which result in blood-brain barrier damage, cognitive impairment, and even loss of normal motor function. Exosomes have been linked to the incidence and progression of brain disorders in recent research.

Hesperetin attenuates cognitive dysfunction via SIRT6/NLRP3 pathway in scopolamine-induced mice.

Neuroinflammation is a critical feature in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Hesperetin can exert anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and other neuroprotective effects. In this study, the scopolamine (SCOP)-induced cognitive dysfunction in mice model was used to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of hesperetin.

Kai-Xin-San Protects Depression Mice Against CORT-Induced Neuronal Injury by Inhibiting Microglia Activation and Oxidative Stress.

Objective: Traditional Chinese medicine formula Kai-Xin-San (KXS) is used to treat psychiatric disorders, especially in anxiety and depression. However, the precise molecular mechanism of action remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the antidepressant effect of KXS on inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress in corticosterone (CORT)-induced depression.

Levistilide a Induces Ferroptosis by Activating the Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway in Breast Cancer Cells.

Introduction: Breast cancer (BC) is the leading female malignancy, with one million new cases diagnosed worldwide per year. However, the current treatment options for BC patients have difficulty achieving satisfactory efficacy. Ferroptosis is a new mode of regulated cell death that plays a key role in the inhibition of tumorigenesis.

Emodin inhibits invasion and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via regulating autophagy-mediated degradation of snail and β-catenin.

Background: Previous studies reported that emodin extracted from Rheum palmatum L. exerts antiproliferation and antimetastatic effects in a variety of human cancer types. However, the role of emodin in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unknown.