[Responses of soil microbial carbon use efficiency to short-term nitrogen addition in forest].

As an important parameter regulating soil carbon mineralization, microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) is essential for the understanding of carbon (C) cycle in terrestrial ecosystems. Three nitrogen supplemental levels, including control (0 kg N·hm·a), low nitrogen (40 kg N·hm·a), and high nitrogen (80 kg N·hm·a), were set up in a forest in the Daiyun Mountain. The basic physical and chemical properties, organic carbon fractions, microbial biomass, and enzyme activities of the soil surface layer (0-10 cm) were measured.

Cancer stem-like cells with increased expression of NY-ESO-1 initiate breast cancer metastasis.

Breast cancer stem-like cells (BCSLCs) with a CD44/CD24 phenotype initiate the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer. The expression of New York oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma 1 (NY-ESO-1), one of the most immunogenic cancer-testicular antigens, is largely restricted to cancer and germ cells/placental trophoblasts, with little to no expression in normal adult somatic cells. Currently, few studies have reported the expression or function of NY-ESO-1 in BCSLCs.

CCL18 from tumor-associated macrophages promotes angiogenesis in breast cancer.

The infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) is associated with extensive angiogenesis, which contributes to a poor prognosis in breast cancer. However, anti-angiogenic therapy with VEGF-specific monotherapy has been unsuccessful in treating breast cancer, and the molecular mechanisms associated with chemoresistance remain unclear. Here, we investigated whether CCL18, a chemokine produced by TAMs, can stimulate angiogenesis in breast cancer, as well as the underlying mechanisms.

Pyk2 and Src mediate signaling to CCL18-induced breast cancer metastasis.

Pyk2 and Src phosphorylation is initiated by CCL18, which promotes breast cancer metastasis via its functional G protein-coupled receptor PITPNM3. However, the function of Pyk2 and Src in CCL18-induced breast cancer metastasis is poorly understood. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reactions (qRT-PCRs), Western blot, boyden chamber assay, and adherence assay were performed to delineate the consequences of Pyk2/Src in CCL18-induced breast cancer cells.

[Development of national neglect norm for urban primary school students of China].

Objective: To develop the national neglect norms for urban primary school students in China.

Methods: According to multi-stage stratified cluster sampling principle, 24 cities of 13 provinces (municipalities) in China were selected during December 1 to 31, 2008. A total of 1491 students in grade 1 - 3 and 2236 students in grade 4 - 6 were selected.

[Parenting skills situation and need assessment among parents of primary school pupils].

Objective: To investigate parenting skills and need among parents of primary school pupils and to explore influencing factors.

Methods: A total of 1 394 parents of rural and urban primary school pupils were recruited by multistage stratified random clustered sampling method. They were asked to complete a self-report questionnaire regarding demographic and socioeconomic backgrounds, parenting scale, parenting need assessment, parent-to-child interaction attitudes, social support, physical/mental maltreatment experiences in childhood and so forth.

Peer physical aggression and its association with aggressive beliefs, empathy, self-control, and cooperation skills among students in a rural town of China.

This study explored the prevalence of peer physical aggression (PPA) and its association with aggressive beliefs, empathy, self-control, and cooperation skills among 1,719 7th-to-9th-grade students in a rural town in the central China province of Henan. The data were collected by the self-administered questionnaire anonymously. Results showed that 17.

[Prevalence of childhood sexual abuse among 2508 college students in 6 provinces of China].

Objective: To assess the prevalence of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) in college students and to explore the association of CSA with youth mental health problem.

Methods: A retrospective survey was conducted among 2508 students (females 1360, males 1148) in Nov. 2003 to Mar.

[Study on 'dating violence' in 697 male university students].

Objective: To explore the prevalence of 'dating violence' in male university students.

Methods: Six hundred and ninety-seven male students from a university were surveyed by self-administered questionnaire anonymously.

Results: Of the 697 male students, 73.

The evolving evidence base for child protection in Chinese societies.

Child maltreatment is a substantial public health problem worldwide. Although extensively studied in Western countries, until recently little systematic research had been published about the situation in the world's most populous nation and ethnic diaspora. In this review, we examine trends from community-based research with Chinese young people and parents in mainland China, Hong Kong SAR, Taiwan, Singapore, and Malaysia.

Prevention of child sexual abuse in China: knowledge, attitudes, and communication practices of parents of elementary school children.

Objective: Active involvement by parents may contribute substantially to the success of school-based programs to prevent child sexual abuse (CSA). In China, little is known about parental understanding of CSA. This study investigated Chinese parents' knowledge, attitudes, and communication practices with their children about CSA.

[A retrospective survey of childhood corporal punishment by school teachers in students].

Objective: To ascertain the prevalence of childhood corporal punishment by teachers in students, to explore the influencing factors and associations between childhood corporal punishment and psychological problems.

Methods: Five hundred and twenty-eight students from a college and a technical secondary school in Hebei province were surveyed by self-administered questionnaire anonymously in Dec. 2004.

[In vitro induction of mature dendritic cells from malignant pleural effusions].

Background & Objective: Dendritic cells (DCs) can activate immunologic naive T cells to initiate antigen-specific immune responses. This study was to in vitro induce mature DCs from malignant pleural effusions of patients with lung cancer.

Methods: Malignant pleural effusions (500-1 000 ml) were collected from 16 patients with primary lung cancer.

Awareness of child sexual abuse prevention education among parents of Grade 3 elementary school pupils in Fuxin City, China.

Several recent studies on child sexual abuse (CSA) in Chinese society have shown that the problem is not uncommon, and is associated with poor mental health and health-related risk behaviors of abused youth. It is very important to understand and improve public awareness of CSA prevention, especially for the parents. However, there are few published reports on the problem of parents' awareness.

[A retrospective survey in child sexual abuse among 565 university students].

Objective: To examine the child sexual abuse (CSA) experiences and its associations with self-reported mental health status and risky behaviors among university students.

Methods: A retrospective survey was conducted in 565 undergraduate students, from a university in northeast China, by anonymous self-administered questionnaire in September 2003. Research subjects were asked on a series of retrospective questions about CSA, as well as questions on depression, self-esteem, symptoms of psychological disease and risky behaviours.

Child sexual abuse in China: a study of adolescents in four provinces.

Objective: Little is known about Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) in Chinese societies. This study examined CSA experiences and associations with demographic factors, self-reported health and risky behaviors among senior high school students in four provinces in central and northern China.

Method: Students in four schools in Hubei, Henan, Hebei, and Beijing provinces participated in an anonymous, self-completed questionnaire survey.

[Child sexual abuse: a study among 892 female students of a medical school].

Objective: This study was designed to ascertain the prevalence of child sexual abuse (CSA) among female students of a medical school and to explore the impact of CSA on the mental health and health related risk behaviors of the victims being sexually abused and to provide useful reference for CSA prevention.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 892 female students from a medical school by anonymous self-administered questionnaire during Oct. 2002.