[Values of the Quantitative Parameters of Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Thyroid Benign and Malignant Nodules].

To investigate the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)quantitative parameters in the diagnosis of thyroid benign and malignant nodules. The CEUS features of 85 histopathologically confirmed thyroid nodules were quantitatively analyzed using five parameters including rising time(RT),time to peak(TTP),area under the curve(AUC),maximum intensity(Imax),and mean transit time(mTT).The dynamic vascular pattern(DVP)curves were also drawn.

[Expression of metallothionein 2 in middle ear cholesteatoma and its correlation with interleukin 1α and interleukin 6].

Objective: To detect the expression and distribution of metallothionein 2 (MT-2) in middle ear cholesteatoma, and to explore the relationship of MT-2 with interleukin 1α (IL-1α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), and well as to explore the role of MT-2 in the pathogenetic mechanism of middle ear cholesteatoma.

Methods: Using the immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to examine the expressions of MT-2, IL-1α and IL-6 protein and MT-2 mRNA in twenty-five middle ears' cholesteatoma and seven normal external ears' canal skin. The influence of cholesteatoma debris on the MT-2 mRNA and protein of HaCaT cell were further analyzed.

[Relationship between the tinnitus frequency and the effects of medication and the prognosis in patients with chronic subjective tinnitus].

Objective: To investigate the influence of tinnitus frequency on medication and prognosis in patients with chronic subjective tinnitus.

Methods: Seventy-two patients (Ninety-three ears) diagnosed as chronic subjective tinnitus were studied from October 2010 to March 2011. All cases were divided into low frequency(twenty-three ears), medium frequency(fourteen ears) and high frequency (fifty-six ears) according to tinnitus matching test.

[Establishment and rudimentary application of the method of recording auditory brainstem responses electrically stimulated via round-window niche in cochlear implants].

Objective: To establish the method of recording auditory brainstem responses electrically stimulated via round-window niche in cochlear implants.

Methods: Self-made platinum iridium alloy as a spherical electrode stimulation electrode, modified cochlear implants connected to in vitro speech processor as a electro-stimulator and evoke potential instrument for Bio-logic Navigator Pro, 17 cochlear implant patients with various ages and of different causes, including auditory neuropathy (2 cases), ossified cochlea (1 case), inner ear malformation (5 cases), leukodystrophy (1 case), unknown and reason (8 cases) were investigated during cochlear implant surgery. Before cochlear implantation, stimulation electrode was placed in the round-window niche while charge balanced biphasic constant current was used as electrical stimulation via round window niche, and then electrically evoked auditory brainstem response was recorded.

[Management of intractable epistaxis and bleeding points localization].

Objective: To investigate the common nasal bleeding points and the management of intractable epistaxis.

Methods: The bleeding points and its correlation with age distribution, surgical techniques as well as its effects were studied retrospectively in 92 patients, in whom the bleeding points were not found by routine nasal endoscopy and the hemorrhage was not controlled with standard nasal packing.

Results: The bleeding points were found in the following different sites: superior wall of inferior nasal meatus (56.