Hemodynamic-based virtual surgery design of double-patch repair for pulmonary arterioplasty in tetralogy of Fallot.

Background And Objective: Surgical correction of pulmonary artery stenosis (PAS) is essential to the prognosis of patients with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). The double-patch method of pulmonary arterioplasty is usually applied in case of multiple stenosis in TOF patients' pulmonary artery (PA) and when PAS cannot be relieved by the single-patch method. The surgical planning for the double-patch design remains challenging.

Five-year follow-up after percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation using the Venus P-valve system for patients with pulmonary regurgitation and an enlarged native right ventricular outflow tract.

Background: Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation (PPVI) with the self-expandable Venus P-valve system is a promising treatment for patients with pulmonary regurgitation (PR) and a native right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT). However, limited data is available regarding its midterm outcomes. This study assessed the midterm clinical and echocardiographic outcomes following Venus P-valve implantation.

Secret sharing scheme based on spread spectrum ghost imaging.

(,) secret sharing is a procedure for splitting the key into several pieces so that no subset is sufficient to read the encrypted message except the entire one. In this paper, we propose a novel, to the best of our knowledge, secret sharing scheme based on spread spectrum ghost imaging (SSGI). In the scheme, a dealer divides a secret key, which is obtained by a modulo 2 addition over sequences from a Hadamard matrix, into pieces to participants, and then the dealer uses the secret key as a direct sequence code to encrypt an image using the SSGI method.

Exposure to traffic-related fine particulate matter 2.5 causes respiratory damage via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-regulated inflammation.

Exposure to particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) potentially triggers airway inflammation.

Molecular Changes in Prepubertal Left Ventricular Development Under Experimental Volume Overload.

Background: Left ventricular (LV) volume overload (VO), commonly found in patients with chronic aortic regurgitation (AR), leads to a series of left ventricular (LV) pathological responses and eventually irreversible LV dysfunction. Recently, questions about the applicability of the guideline for the optimal timing of valvular surgery to correct chronic AR have been raised in regard to both adult and pediatric patients. Understanding how VO regulates postnatal LV development may shed light on the best timing of surgical or drug intervention.

Volume Overload Initiates an Immune Response in the Right Ventricle at the Neonatal Stage.

Pulmonary regurgitation caused by the correction or palliation of pediatric tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) leads to chronic right ventricular (RV) volume overload (VO), which induces adolescent RV dysfunction. A better understanding of the molecular mechanism by which VO initiates neonatal RV remodeling may bring new insights into the post-surgical management of pediatric TOF. We created a fistula between the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava on postnatal day 1 (P1) using a rat model to induce neonatal VO.

Effects of Patent Ductus Arteriosus on the Hemodynamics of Modified Blalock-Taussig Shunt Based on Patient-Specific Simulation.

The question of preserving the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) during the modified Blalock-Taussig shunt (MBTS) procedure remains controversial. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of the PDA on the flow features of the MBTS to help with preoperative surgery design and postoperative prediction. In this study, a patient with pulmonary atresia and PDA was included.

Postnatal Right Ventricular Developmental Track Changed by Volume Overload.

Background Current right ventricular (RV) volume overload (VO) is established in adult mice. There are no neonatal mouse VO models and how VO affects postnatal RV development is largely unknown. Methods and Results Neonatal VO was induced by the fistula between abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava on postnatal day 7 and confirmed by abdominal ultrasound, echocardiography, and hematoxylin and eosin staining.

MIR3142HG promotes lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by regulating miR-450b-5p/HMGB1 axis.

The present study aimed to evaluate the potential roles of MIR3142HG, a novel long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI). ALI was simulated by the treatment of LPS in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs). The expression of MIR3142HG, miR-450b-5p and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was determined by real-time PCR and western blotting.

Dexmedetomidine Protects Human Cardiomyocytes Against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through α2-Adrenergic Receptor/AMPK-Dependent Autophagy.

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R) strongly affects the prognosis of children with complicated congenital heart diseases (CHDs) who undergo long-term cardiac surgical processes. Recently, the α2-adrenergic receptor agonist (Dex) has been reported to protect cardiomyocytes (CMs) from I/R in cellular models and adult rodent models. However, whether and how Dex may protect human CMs in young children remains largely unknown.

Midterm Surgical Outcomes for ALCAPA Repair in Infants and Children.

Background:  Surgical correction of an anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) has been associated with excellent survival during recent years. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of reimplantation of the coronary artery and to investigate the recovery of postoperative cardiac and mitral valve (MV) function.

Methods:  From 2005 to 2015, 80 patients who had ALCAPA received surgical correction.

CTA-Based Non-invasive Estimation of Pressure Gradients Across a CoA: a Validation Against Cardiac Catheterisation.

Non-invasive estimation of pressure gradients across a coarctation of the aorta (CoA) can reduce the need for diagnostic cardiac catheterisation. We aimed to validate two novel computational strategies-target-value approaching (TVA) and target-value fixing (TVF)-together with unrefined Doppler estimates, and to compare their diagnostic performance in identifying critical pressure drops for 40 patients. Compared to catheterisation, no statistically significant difference was demonstrated with TVA (P = 0.

Neonatal Heart Responds to Pressure Overload With Differential Alterations in Various Cardiomyocyte Maturation Programs That Accommodate Simultaneous Hypertrophy and Hyperplasia.

Pressure overload is one of the pathophysiological conditions commonly associated with right-sided congenital heart disease (CHD). Patients suffer from this condition right after birth. However, little is known about how neonatal heart reacts to it.

Neonatal surgical outcomes after prenatal diagnosis of complex congenital heart disease: experiences of a perinatal integrated diagnosis and treatment program.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate neonatal surgical outcomes of patients diagnosed with complex congenital heart disease (CHD) during pregnancy and treated by the newly initiated "perinatal integrated diagnosis and treatment program (PIDTP)".

Methods: We reviewed clinical data of 207 neonates (surgical age ≤ 28 days) who underwent cardiac surgeries in a single center from January 2017 to December 2018, including 31 patients with referrals from the "PIDTP" (integration group) and 176 patients with routine referral treatment (non-integrated group).

Results: In the integration group, median admission age was 0 days and median age at surgery was 4 days.

Role of Blood Oxygen Saturation During Post-Natal Human Cardiomyocyte Cell Cycle Activities.

Blood oxygen saturation (SaO) is one of the most important environmental factors in clinical heart protection. This study used human heart samples and human induced pluripotent stem cell-cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) to assess how SaO affects human CM cell cycle activities. The results showed that there were significantly more cell cycle markers in the moderate hypoxia group (SaO: 75% to 85%) than in the other 2 groups (SaO <75% or >85%).

Pressure Overload Greatly Promotes Neonatal Right Ventricular Cardiomyocyte Proliferation: A New Model for the Study of Heart Regeneration.

Background Current mammalian models for heart regeneration research are limited to neonatal apex amputation and myocardial infarction, both of which are controversial. RNAseq has demonstrated a very limited set of differentially expressed genes between sham and operated hearts in myocardial infarction models. Here, we investigated in rats whether pressure overload in the right ventricle, a common phenomenon in children with congenital heart disease, could be used as a better animal model for heart regeneration studies when considering cardiomyocyte proliferation as the most important index.

Effects of hypoxia on cardiomyocyte proliferation and association with stage of development.

Background: Hypoxia has been suggested to be both beneficial and harmful to the proliferation of cardiomyocytes. This controversy remains unresolved, and the underlying mechanism by which hypoxia exerts its effects remains unclear. We here hypothesize that cardiomyocyte developmental stage may play a role.

Outcomes of Reinterventions for Children with Postoperative Pulmonary Venous Restenosis.

This report aims to summarize and evaluate the efficacy and experience of reintervention for children with postoperative pulmonary venous restenosis. Clinical data from 61 patients with postoperative pulmonary venous restenosis who underwent reintervention at Shanghai Children's Medical Center (SCMC) from September 2009 to June 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients comprised 38 boys and 23 girls, with a mean age of 15.

Hypoxia-induced ARHGAP26 deficiency inhibits the proliferation and migration of human ductus arteriosus smooth muscle cell through activating RhoA-ROCK-PTEN pathway.

The Rho family plays crucial roles in O -induced vasoconstriction, cell proliferation, and migration. Rho GTPase-activating protein 26 (ARHGAP26) is a GTPase-activating protein for the small GTPases of the Rho family. Our previous studies have demonstrated that ARHGAP26 expression was significantly downregulated in patent human ductus arteriosus (DA) tissue.

A self-expanding percutaneous valve for patients with pulmonary regurgitation and an enlarged native right ventricular outflow tract: one-year results.

Aims: The aim of the study was to evaluate the midterm safety and efficacy of a self-expanding valve (Venus P-valve) in the treatment of patients with pulmonary regurgitation and a native right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) in China.

Methods And Results: Patients who had moderate or severe pulmonary regurgitation after surgical repair of the RVOT with a transannular or RVOT patch were included in the study. Fifty-five patients (67% female; average age 28.

Bioresorbable electrospun gelatin/polycaprolactone nanofibrous membrane as a barrier to prevent cardiac postoperative adhesion.

Post-cardiac surgical sternal and epicardial adhesions increase the risk and complexity of cardiac re-operative surgeries, which represent a significant challenge for patients with the congenital cardiac disease. Bioresorbable membranes can serve as barriers to prevent postoperative adhesions. Herein, we fabricated a bioresorbable gelatin/polycaprolactone (GT/PCL) composite membrane via electrospinning.

Perioperative levels of total IgE correlate with outcomes of prolonged mechanical ventilation after cardiopulmonary bypass in pediatric patients.

Background: Although cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has been previously studied as risking infection and inflammatory responses, few studies evaluate the relationship of preoperative high total immunoglobulin E (tIgE) to outcomes in pediatric patients predisposed to atopy undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB.

Methods: Serum tIgE, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-4, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and T-helper type 1/2 (Th1/Th2) ratio were quantified in 104 pediatric patients who underwent surgical repair with CPB. Blood samples were obtained: before operation (T1), at the beginning (T2), and before the completion of CPB (T3), after protamine administration (T4), 4 h after CPB (T5), and on postoperative days 1 and 2 (T6, T7).

History of the World Society for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery: The First Decade.

The World Society for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery (WSPCHS) is the largest professional organization in the world dedicated to pediatric and congenital heart surgery. The purpose of this article is to document the first decade of the history of WSPCHS from its formation in 2006, to summarize the current status of WSPCHS, and to consider the future of WSPCHS. The WSPCHS was incorporated in Canada on April 7, 2011, with a head office in Montreal, Canada.

The role of particulate matters on methylation of and promoter genes in pediatric allergic rhinitis.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic inflammatory disorder driven by T cell activation. How particulate matter contributes to epigenetic changes that in turn influence cytokine gene expression in CD4T cells remains unclear. In this study, 105 children diagnosed with AR and 90 healthy controls were recruited to explore the possible mechanism of particulate matter (PM) on the epigenetic regulation of CD4T and promoter genes.