Estimation of Photosynthetic Induction Is Significantly Affected by Light Environments of Local Leaves and Whole Plants in Genus.

Photosynthetic induction and stomatal kinetics are acknowledged as pivotal factors in regulating both plant growth and water use efficiency under fluctuating light conditions. However, the considerable variability in methodologies and light regimes used to assess the dynamics of photosynthesis () and stomatal conductance () during light induction across studies poses challenges for comparison across species. Moreover, the influence of stomatal morphology on both steady-state and non-steady-state remains poorly understood.

TRAF2 decrease promotes the TGF-β-mTORC1 signal in MAFLD-HCC through enhancing AXIN1-mediated Smad7 degradation.

According to recent research, metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has emerged as an important underlying etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the molecular mechanism of MAFLD-HCC is still unclear. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) is the key molecule to mediate the signal of inflammatory NF-κB pathway.

Factors Involved in Decision-Making Dilemmas Faced by Parents of Children with Severe Asthma in PICU During the Development of Discharge Care Plans: A Phenomenological Study.

Purpose: This study aims to explore the complicated decision-making dilemma and challenges confronted by parents of children suffering from severe asthma within the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) when participating in the development of their children's discharge care plans.

Patients And Methods: Employing a phenomenological methodology, a purposive sampling was performed to engage with 17 parents who participated in in-depth and semi-structured interviews between October 2022 and February 2023. The transcripts of these interviews were transcribed into textual data, which was then subjected to Colaizzi's seven-step analysis for meticulous coding and comprehensive thematic elucidation.

Functional Cure of Chronic Hepatitis B with Antiviral Treatment in Children having High-level Viremia and Normal or Mildly Elevated Serum Aminotransferase.

Background And Aims: There is a lack of data supporting the notion that antiviral treatments can benefit children with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) having high viremia and normal or mildly elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. We aimed to analyze the efficacy of antiviral treatments in children with CHB and explore the factors associated with functional cure.

Methods: Forty-eight children with CHB having high viremia and normal or mildly elevated serum ALT levels were screened in this real-world study.

Decreased absolute number of peripheral regulatory T cells in patients with idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis.

Objective: In order to determine whether the immune balance of T helper 17(Th17)/regulatory T(Treg) is related to the pathogenesis of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis (IRPF), we analyzed the differences in peripheral blood lymphocytes, CD4+T cell subsets and cytokines between patients with IRPF and healthy people to clarify the CD4+T cell subsets, especially Treg cell subsets, and the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of IRPF.

Methods: This study included 22 patients with IRPF, 36 patients with IgG4-related diseases (IgG4-RD) without retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF), and 28 healthy controls. The absolute numbers and percentage of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and CD4+T cell subsets in each group were detected by flow cytometry, and the serum cytokine level was detected by flow cytometric bead array (CBA).

Synthesis of Novel Indole Schiff Base Compounds and Their Antifungal Activities.

A series of novel indole Schiff base derivatives (-) containing a 1,3,4-thiadiazole scaffold modified with a thioether group were synthesized, and their structures were confirmed using FT-IR, H NMR, C NMR, and HR-MS. In addition, the antifungal activity of synthesized indole derivatives was investigated against (), (, (), ), and var. ( var.

The efficacy of mesalazine on nonspecific terminal ileal ulcers: A randomized controlled trial.

Nonspecific terminal ileal ulcers are one of the common ulcerative diseases in terminal ileum. However, the studies about treatment efficacy are scarce. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of mesalazine in the treatment of this disease.

Short-term and low-dose IL-2 therapy increases the reduced Treg cells in patients with microscopic polyangiitis.

Objective: The breakdown of immune tolerance mediated by the reduced regulatory T (Treg) cell contributes to autoimmune diseases, which can be recovered by the short-term and low-dose interleukin 2 (IL-2). However, the role of Treg cells in microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and the efficacy of short-term and low-dose IL-2 for MPA remain unclear. Therefore, we performed a retrospective study to explore the role of Treg cells and evaluate the efficacy of short-term and low-dose IL-2 therapy in MPA.

Comparing the precision of the pSOFA and SIRS scores in predicting sepsis-related deaths among hospitalized children: a multi-center retrospective cohort study.

Background: The latest sepsis definition includes both infection and organ failure, as evidenced by the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score. However, the applicability of the pediatric SOFA score (pSOFA) is not yet determined. This study evaluated the effectiveness of both pSOFA and system inflammatory reaction syndrome (SIRS) scores in predicting sepsis-related pediatric deaths.

Increased Circulating Levels of CRP and IL-6 and Decreased Frequencies of T and B Lymphocyte Subsets Are Associated With Immune-Related Adverse Events During Combination Therapy With PD-1 Inhibitors for Liver Cancer.

Background: Programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are inevitable in patients with liver cancer. Although the incidence of severe irAEs is low, but can result in fatal consequences. To date, only a few commonly used clinical biomarkers have been reported.

Evaporative flux method of leaf hydraulic conductance estimation: sources of uncertainty and reporting format recommendation.

Background: The accurate estimation of leaf hydraulic conductance (K) is important for revealing leaf physiological characteristics and function. However, the K values are largely incomparable in previous studies for a given species indicating some uncertain influencing factors in K measurement.

Result: We investigated the potential impacts of plant sampling method, measurement setup, environmental factors, and transpiration steady state identification on K estimation in Oryza sativa and Cinnamomum camphora using evaporation flux method (EFM).

Hepatocyte TGF-β Signaling Inhibiting WAT Browning to Promote NAFLD and Obesity Is Associated With Let-7b-5p.

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling in hepatocytes promotes steatosis and body weight gain. However, processes that TGF-β signaling in hepatocytes promote pathological body weight gain in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are incompletely understood. Obesity and NAFLD were induced by 16 weeks of feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) in hepatocyte-specific TGF-β receptor II-deficient (Tgfbr2 ) and Tgfbr2 mice.

Immunological alterations after immunotherapy with short lived HBV-TCR T cells associates with long-term treatment response in HBV-HCC.

The application of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-T-cell receptor (TCR) T-cell immunotherapy in patients with HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC) has been apathetic, as the expression of HBV antigens by both normal HBV-infected hepatocytes and HCC cells with HBV-DNA integration increases the risk of on-target off-tumor severe liver inflammatory events. To increase the safety of this immunotherapeutic approach, we developed messenger RNA (mRNA) HBV-TCR-redirected T cells that-due to the transient nature of mRNA-are functionally short lived and can be infused in escalating doses. The safety of this approach and its clinical potential against primary HBV-HCC have never been analyzed in human trials; thus, we studied the clinical and immunological parameters of 8 patients with chronic HBV infection and diffuse nonoperable HBV-HCC treated at weekly intervals with escalating doses (1 × 10 , 1 × 10 , 1 × 10 , and 5 × 10 TCR+ T cells/kg body weight) of T cells modified with HBV-TCR encoding mRNA.

Immunotherapy of HBV-related advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with short-term HBV-specific TCR expressed T cells: results of dose escalation, phase I trial.

Background & Aims: Immunotherapy with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific TCR redirected T (HBV-TCR-T) cells in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC) patients after liver transplantation was reported to be safe and had potential therapeutic efficacy. We aim to investigate the safety of HBV-TCR-T-cell immunotherapy in advanced HBV-HCC patients who had not met the criteria for liver transplantation.

Methods: We enrolled eight patients with advanced HBV-HCC and adoptively transferred short-lived autologous T cells expressing HBV-specific TCR to perform an open-label, phase 1 dose-escalation study (NCT03899415).

HIV-1-Specific CD11c CD8 T Cells Display Low PD-1 Expression and Strong Anti-HIV-1 Activity.

Exhaustion of HIV-1-specific CD8 T cells prevents optimal control of HIV-1 infection. Identifying unconventional CD8 T cell subsets to effectively control HIV-1 replication is vital. In this study, the role of CD11c CD8 T cells during HIV-1 infection was evaluated.

Long-term benefits of interferon-α therapy in children with HBeAg-positive immune-active chronic hepatitis B.

The long-term benefits of interferon-α (IFN-α) treatment in children with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remain unclear. We conducted a retrospective and real-world study to evaluate the safety and long-term clearance rates of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in CHB children who received IFN-α monotherapy for 72 weeks and were with 13-year follow-up visit. Participants treated with IFN-α (n = 316) were more likely to become HBeAg negatve (39.

Single-Cell Transcriptomic Profiling of MAIT Cells in Patients With COVID-19.

Background: Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are considered to participate of the host immune response against acute severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection; however, single-cell transcriptomic profiling of MAIT cells in patients with COVID-19 remains unexplored.

Methods: We performed single-cell RNA sequencing analyses on peripheral MAIT cells from 13 patients with COVID-19 and 5 healthy donors. The transcriptional profiles of MAIT cells, together with assembled T-cell receptor sequences, were analyzed.

Assessment of liver fibrosis by transient elastography in young children with chronic hepatitis B virus infection.

Background: This study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of transient elastography (TE) and biopsy for the detection of liver fibrosis in children with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).

Methods: This single-center prospective study included 157 CHB children aged 0-6 years. All patients underwent liver stiffness measurement (LSM) by TE and liver biopsy, separated by an interval of less than 1 week.

Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Analysis of the Immunometabolic Rewiring and Immunopathogenesis of Coronavirus Disease 2019.

Although immune dysfunction is a key feature of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the metabolism-related mechanisms remain elusive. Here, by reanalyzing single-cell RNA sequencing data, we delineated metabolic remodeling in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to elucidate the metabolic mechanisms that may lead to the progression of severe COVID-19. After scoring the metabolism-related biological processes and signaling pathways, we found that mono-CD14 cells expressed higher levels of glycolysis-related genes ( and ) and PPPrelated genes ( and ) in severe patients than in mild patients.

The Correlation Between Urinary Sodium Excretion and Blood Pressure in Hospitalized Adult Patients with Hypertension.

Introduction: This study was designed to understand the baseline salt intake of adult patients with hypertension in Shanxi Province, and to analyze the correlation between urinary sodium excretion and blood pressure.

Methods: From June 2018 to December 2019, 16 hospitals with regional representativeness and experimental conditions in Shanxi Province were selected, and 643 eligible adult inpatients with primary hypertension were enrolled from these hospitals. The ages of patients ranged from 18 to 80 years.

Increased Serum Interleukin-2 Levels Are Associated with Abnormal Peripheral Blood Natural Killer Cell Levels in Patients with Active Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between serum interleukin-2 (IL-2) levels and disease activity, absolute numbers of peripheral lymphocyte subsets, autoantibodies, and associated cytokines in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods: This study included 106 patients with RA, evaluated their disease activity (DAS28 score), and divided them into disease remission (DAS28 ≤ 2.6), low disease activity (DAS28 ≤ 3.

Reduced activated regulatory T cells and imbalance of Th17/activated Treg cells marks renal involvement in ANCA-associated vasculitis.

The role of naturally occurring regulatory T cells (Treg) in the control of the immune tolerance of ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) has not been well defined. Therefore, we separate the phenotypically heterogeneous Treg cells into different subsets based on the expression of FOXP3 and CD45RA during AAV pathogenesis. Fifty-four AAV patients (38 patients with renal involvement) and 19 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in this study.

Creg in Hepatocytes Ameliorates Liver Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in a TAK1-Dependent Manner in Mice.

Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is a major challenge for liver surgery and specific severe conditions of chronic liver disease. Current surgical and pharmacological strategies are limited to improve liver function after hepatic I/R injury. Thus, an in-depth understanding of the liver I/R mechanism is pivotal to develop new therapeutic methods.

Transient Elastography Identifies the Risk of Esophageal Varices and Bleeding in Patients With Hepatitis B Virus-Related Liver Cirrhosis.

This study aimed to analyze the diagnostic accuracy of liver stiffness for predicting esophageal variceal grading and the risk of esophageal variceal bleeding (EVB) in cases of cirrhosis. Hematological and biochemical parameters were measured and transient elastography was performed in 88 patients with hepatitis B-related cirrhosis undergoing endoscopy for esophageal varices. Esophageal varices grade was highly correlated with liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and the liver stiffness spleen diameter-to-platelet score in cirrhosis.