Increased Burden of Second Bladder Cancer and Rectal Cancer in Prostate Cancer Treated With Radiotherapy: Results From Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results.

Background: Previous studies have confirmed the higher risk of bladder cancer (BC) and rectal cancer (RC) development among prostate cancer (PCa) patients receiving radiotherapy. In this study, we intend to explore the long-term trend in second BC and RC incidence among PCa patients undergoing radiotherapy.

Method: We identified first primary PCa patients diagnosed between 1975 and 2014 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-9 cancer registries.

Comprehensive analysis of the expression, prognostic value and biological importance of OVO‑like proteins in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

This study examined the expression levels of OVO-like proteins (OVOLs) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) tissues and their value in predicting disease prognosis. The transcript levels, genetic alterations, and biological functions of OVOLs and their correlation with tumor immune cell infiltration and drug sensitivity and survival outcomes, as well as their prognostic values, in patients with ccRCC were analyzed based on data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis, cBioPortal, and GSCALite databases. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses were performed using R software (Bioconductor, clusterProfiler packages).

IL-34 was high in serum of women with polycystic ovary syndrome and may function as potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most prevalent endocrine disorders in females of reproductive age, with a prevalence of 20%-33% in the general population. Interleukin (IL)-34 is a recently explored proinflammatory cytokine and is an important modulator in different disease types. However, the function of IL-34 in PCOS has yet to be investigated.

Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on albuminuria in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a meta-analysis.

Purpose: A relationship between albuminuria and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been documented in previous studies. Nevertheless, the impact of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment on albuminuria in subjects with OSA is debated. This meta-analysis was carried out to investigate whether or not CPAP treatment affected urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) in subjects with OSA.

Lack of cyclical fluctuations of endometrial GLUT4 expression in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: Evidence for direct regulation of GLUT4 by steroid hormones.

Background Determination of the role of steroid hormones in expression and regulation of endometrial glucose transport 4 (GLUT4) in humans is important for understanding endometrial disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common hormone-imbalance disease. Methods Endometrial biopsy samples were collected from non-PCOS patients with regular menstrual cycles or with hyperplasia and from PCOS patients with or without hyperplasia. In addition, endometrial tissues from postmenopausal women were incubated with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG, 10 IU/ml), 17β-estradiol (E2, 10 nM), progesterone (P4, 100 nM), or a combination of E2 and P4 for 24 h.

Testosterone enhances lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin-6 and macrophage chemotactic protein-1 expression by activating the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2/nuclear factor-κB signalling pathways in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

Low-grade chronic inflammation is commonly found in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) who exhibit hyperandrogenism or hyperandrogenemia. Clinical studies have shown that hyperandrogenemia is closely correlated with low-grade chronic inflammation. However, the mechanism underlying this correlation remains unclear.

Direct effects of metformin in the endometrium: a hypothetical mechanism for the treatment of women with PCOS and endometrial carcinoma.

Although a number of in vitro studies have demonstrated the antiproliferative, anti-invasive, and antimetastatic effects of metformin in multiple cancer cell types, its cellular and molecular mechanisms of anti-cancer action in the endometrium of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have not yet been fully elucidated. Organic cation transporters (OCTs) and multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins (MATEs) are known to be involved in metformin uptake and excretion in cells. In this article, we discuss the novel therapeutic possibilities for early-stage endometrial carcinoma (EC) in women with PCOS focusing on metformin, which might have a direct effect in the endometrium through the OCTs and MATEs.

Combination of Diane-35 and Metformin to Treat Early Endometrial Carcinoma in PCOS Women with Insulin Resistance.

Background: Young women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have a high risk of developing endometrial carcinoma. There is a need for the development of new medical therapies that can reduce the need for surgical intervention so as to preserve the fertility of these patients. The aim of the study was to describe and discuss cases of PCOS and insulin resistance (IR) women with early endometrial carcinoma while being co-treated with Diane-35 and metformin.

[Effects of testosterone on insulin sensitivity in liver cells and related molecular mechanisms].

Objective: To explore the regulation of insulin sensitivity in liver cells by androgen signaling.

Methods: Eleven adult female C57BL/6 mice were injected daily with testosterone (group T) for 24 weeks. And 10 control mice received sesame oil only (group Con).

Endometrial progesterone resistance and PCOS.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a state of altered steroid hormone production and activity. Chronic estrogen exposure or lack of progesterone due to ovarian dysfunction can result in endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma. A key contributor to our understanding of progesterone as a critical regulator for normal uterine function has been the elucidation of progesterone receptor (PR) expression, regulation, and signaling pathways.

Prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in women in China: a large community-based study.

Study Question: What is the prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in Han Chinese women from different communities?

Summary Answer: The prevalence of PCOS in Chinese women aged 19-45 years is 5.6%.

What Is Known Already: The prevalence of PCOS is reported to range from 5 to 10% but to the best of our knowledge the Han Chinese population has not been studied.

[Ovarian ultrasonographic features in reproductive age females with polycystic ovary syndrome and the establishment of ultrasonographic criteria].

Objective: To understand the ovarian ultrasound imaging features in the reproductive age females with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Methods: A total of 396 PCOS patients aged 18 - 35 years were recruited from our gynaecology & endocrinology clinic, including obese (OB-PCOS group, n = 153) and non-obese (NOB-PCOS group, n = 241). And 635 reproductive period females with normal menstruation for the control group, including obese (OB-CON group, n = 72) and non-obese (NOB-CON group, n = 563).

[Evaluation the efficacy and safety of estradiol and drospirenone tablets in the treatment of menopausal symptoms among postmenopausal Chinese healthy women:a randomized, multi-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study].

Objective: To study the efficacy and safety of estradiol and drospirenone tablets (Angeliq) in treatment of menopausal symptoms among postmenopausal Chinese healthy women.

Methods: Total 244 postmenopausal Chinese healthy women who had moderate to severe hot flushes were randomly assigned into estradiol and drospirenone (observation group, n = 183) or placebo group (n = 61) by the ratio of 3:1 for 16 weeks in this randomized multi-center double-blind placebo-controlled study. During the trial, the follow-up visits were conducted at week 4, 8, 12, 16 of treatment and 2 weeks after treatment respectively.

[Clinical features, reproductive endocrine and metabolic abnormalities of adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome].

Objective: To investigate the clinical features, reproductive endocrine and metabolic abnormalities in adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Methods: A total of 325 adolescent girls with normal menstruation, 18 obese (OB-CON) and 307 non-obese (NOB-CON), were enrolled as controls from multiple middle schools in Shanghai, China. A total of 167 adolescent girls with PCOS, 90 obese (OB-PCOS) and 77 non-obese (NOB-PCOS), were also recruited.

[Correlations between adipocytokines and insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome].

Objective: To investigate the correlations between adipocytokines and insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Methods: Sixty women with polycystic ovary syndrome aged 19-34 years old were divided into 2 groups: group A [n = 36, BMI > or = 25 kg/m(-2) or WHR (waist height ratio) > 0.85] and group B (n = 24, BMI < 25 kg/m(-2) and WHR < or = 0.

[Role of testosterone in tumor necrosis factor-alpha and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 expression in mouse macrophage RAW264.7 and its molecular mechanism].

Objective: To investigate the role of androgen in TNF-alpha and MCP-1 expression in RAW264.7 macrophage and its molecular mechanism.

Methods: (1) RAW264.

[The effects of testosterone on the expression of inflammatory factors in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and its mechanism].

Objective: To explore the effects of androgen upon the production of inflammatory Cultured factors in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and to investigate the mechanism at the molecular level.

Methods: pre-adipocytes from 3T3-L1 cell line were induced to differentiate into adipocytes. Mature adipocytes were treated with testosterone at a concentration of 10(-9) to 10(-15) mol/L for either short (0 to 30 min) or long (12, 24 and 48 h) treatment course.

[Characteristics of quantitative change relation between insulin and testosterone in polycystic ovary syndrome].

Objective: To investigate the relationship of dynamic quantitative changes between insulin and testosterone in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Methods: Peripheral blood samples were collected in the third to fifth day menstrual cycle from 97 PCOS patients, aged (24 +/- 6), 47 being obese (with BMI > 25 kg/m(2)) and 50 being non-obese (with BMI View Article and Find Full Text PDF

[Testosterone impairs insulin sensitivity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and the related nongenomic mechanisms].

Objective: To investigate the influence of rapid nongenomic effect of androgen on the insulin sensitivity of mature adipocytes and the molecular mechanism thereof.

Methods: Fetal mice [corrected] preadipocytes of the line 3T3-L1 were cultured to develop into mature adipocytes. 3T3-L1 adipocytes were pretreated with testosterone of the concentration of 10-9 to approximately 10(-5) mol/L for a short-time 0-30 minutes) or a long-time (24 hours).

Reverse of progestin-resistant atypical endometrial hyperplasia by metformin and oral contraceptives.

Background: Atypical endometrial hyperplasia usually is treated with high-dose progestin or hysterectomy, but the latter deprives the patient of future child bearing.

Cases: Two women with atypical endometrial hyperplasia complicating polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) had failed to respond to high-dose progestin therapy. They were both obese, insulin-resistant, and nulliparous with a desire to preserve fecundity.

[Fetal growth retardation and postnatal high fat diet on the development of insulin resistance and fertility: experiment with rats].

Objective: To investigate the influences of fetal growth retardation (FGR) and postnatal high fat diet (HF) on the development of insulin resistance (IR), puberty development and fertility problems in female rat offspring.

Methods: FGR model was induced by maternal low protein diet. 32 newborn FGR rats and 32 control rats were randomly divided into two equal groups: FGR/HF group (with the mother rats given with high fat diet for 3 weeks after delivery), FGR/N (with the mother rats given with normal diet), C/HF group (control newborn rat group with the mother rats given with high fat diet), and C/N group (control newborn rat group with the mother rats given with normal diet).

[Exploration of the classification of polycystic ovarian syndrome].

Objective: To investigate the clinical presentation, hormonal profile and metabolic abnormalities in subgroups of women with PCOS and explore a reasonable classification for PCOS.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of 192 women with PCOS (14 - 38 years of age) was performed. The patients were divided into 3 groups of A, B and C according to the revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and also divided into 2 groups according to body mass index (BMI): group A (n = 110), long term anovulation, clinical and biochemical evidence of high androgen level, ovary enlargement with its size larger than 10 ml or number of small follicles of 2 - 9 mm >or= 12 under ultrasound with exclusion of other diseases caused by high androgen; group B (n = 46), long term anovulation, clinical and biochemical evidence of high androgen level; group C (n = 36), long term anovulation, ovary enlargement with its size larger than 10 ml or number of small follicles of 2 - 9 mm >or= 12 under ultrasound with exclusion of other disease caused by high androgen; obesity PCOS group (OB-PCOS, n = 70), BMI >or= 25 (kg/m(2)); no obesity PCOS group (NOB-PCOS, n = 122), BMI < 25 (kg/m(2)).

[Effects of testosterone on insulin receptor substrate-1 and glucose transporter 4 expression in cells sensitive to insulin].

Objective: To investigate the molecular mechanism of the influence of testosterone (T) on insulin sensitivity.

Methods: Preadipocytes of the line 3T3-L1 and myoblasts of the line C2C12 were cultured to develop into mature adipocytes and skeleton muscle cells. Testosterone of the concentration of 10(-9) mol/l was added into the culture fluids for 0, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 40 hours.

[Clinical features, hormonal profile, and metabolic abnormalities of obese women with obese polycystic ovary syndrome].

Objective: To investigate and analyze the clinical presentation, hormonal profile, and metabolic abnormalities of obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Methods: The data of the anthropometric measurements, clinical manifestations of hyperandrogenism, serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol (E(2)), testosterone (T), prolactin (PRL), dehydro-epiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), sex-hormone-binding globulin (SGBG), and 17-oxyhydroprogesterone (17-OHP), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and fasting insulin (FINS) detected after oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), serum lipid levels, including total cholesterol (Chol), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) and area under curve (AUC) so as to assess the insulin resistance (IR), free androgen index (FAI) to estimate the extent of hyperandrogenism, HOMA IS and DeltaI(30)/DeltaG(30) used to assess the function of islet beta cells, were collected from 192 women with PCOS, aged 24 +/- 6, that were divided into 2 groups according to the body mass index (BMI): Group A (n = 70) with the BMI > or = 25 kg.m(-2) and Group B (n = 122) with the BMI < 2 5 kg.