A Pillar[5]arene-Based π-Conjugated Organic Small Molecule Emitter: Synthesis, Self-Assembly, and Selective Sensing of CrO Anion.

A triphenylamine-containing π-conjugated pillar[5]arene luminescent small organic molecule has been synthesized via Suzuki-coupling reaction. This molecule can self-assemble to form linear supramolecular polymers in both solution and solid state. The molecule shows enhanced emission compared with parent pillar[5]arene in dilute solution.

"Bis-Clamp-Cavity Synergy", an Efficient Approach to Improve Guest Binding Properties of Macrocyclic Host and Its Application on Detection of Al and Arg in Living Cells.

Improving the selective and sensitive binding properties of macrocyclic hosts to target guests is always an interesting challenge. Herein, we introduce a novel "bis-clamp-cavity synergy" strategy to enhance the selectivity and binding sensitivity of pillararenes toward target guests. To achieve this goal, we designed and synthesized ,'-bis-hydroxynaphthoylhydrazone-functionalized conjugated pillar[5]arene (), in which bis-hydroxynaphthoylhydrazone plays the role of clamps, while the pillar[5]arene provides the macrocyclic cavity.

Maternal immune activation upregulates the AU020206-IRFs-STAT1 axis in modulating cytokine production in the brain.

Maternal immune activation (MIA) is reported to increase the risk of psychiatric disorders in the offspring. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. : We constructed a MIA mouse model by intraperitoneal injection of LPS into pregnant mice and evaluated the behaviors and gene expression profiles in the brains of the female and male offspring, respectively.

Recent advances in circularly polarized luminescence of planar chiral organic compounds.

Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL), as an important chiroptical phenomenon, can not only directly characterize excited-state structural information about chiroptical materials but also has great application prospects in 3D optical displays, information storage, biological probes, CPL lasers and so forth. Recently, chiral organic small molecules with CPL have attracted a lot of research interest because of their excellent luminescence efficiency, clear molecular structures, unique flexibility and easy functionalization. Planar chiral organic compounds make up an important class of chiral organic small molecular materials and often have rigid macrocyclic skeletons, which have important research value in the field of chiral supramolecular chemistry (, chiral self-assembly and chiral host-guest chemistry).

Fabrication of well-aligned Co-MOF arrays through a controlled and moderate process for the development of a flexible tetrabromobisphenol A sensor.

Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) has attracted a great deal of attention due to its side effects and potential bioaccumulation properties. It is of great importance to construct and develop novel electrochemical sensors for the sensitive and selective detection of TBBPA. In the present study, cobalt (Co) based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were synthesized on carbon cloth (CC) by using cobalt nitrate hexahydrate and 2-methylimidazole.

Cover cropping promotes soil carbon sequestration by enhancing microaggregate-protected and mineral-associated carbon.

Cover cropping can improve soil C sequestration compared to no cover cropping, but the mechanism of C sequestration in soil aggregates and minerals needs more exploration. We explored C sequestration using C fractions in soil aggregates and minerals by cover crops in a five-year old summer cover crop - winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotation system at Changwu National Agroecology Experimental Station in the Chinese Loess Plateau.

Increased NMDARs in neurons and glutamine synthetase in astrocytes underlying autistic-like behaviors of mice.

Mutations of the GABA-A receptor subunit β1 () gene are found in autism patients. However, it remains unclear how mutations in may lead to autism. We generated mouse model, which showed autistic-like behaviors.

Dynamic B/N Lewis Pairs: Insights into the Structural Variations and Photochromism via Light-Induced Fluorescence to Phosphorescence Switching.

Ultralong afterglow emissions due to room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) are of paramount importance in the advancement of smart sensors, bioimaging and light-emitting devices. We herein present an efficient approach to achieve rarely accessible phosphorescence of heavy atom-free organoboranes via photochemical switching of sterically tunable fluorescent Lewis pairs (LPs). LPs are widely applied in and well-known for their outstanding performance in catalysis and supramolecular soft materials but have not thus far been exploited to develop photo-responsive RTP materials.

Combined Exposure to 33 Trace Elements and Associations With the Risk of Oral Cancer: A Large-Scale Case-Control Study.

Background: Trace elements exist widely in the natural environment and mostly enter the human body through drinking water or various types of food, which has raised increasing health concerns. Exposure to a single or a few trace elements has been previously reported to be associated with oral cancer risk, but studies on other elements and combined effects are limited. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the independent and joint effects of 33 trace elements on oral cancer risk.

Pillar[5]arene-based Neutral Radicals with Doublet Red Emissions and Stable Chiroptical Properties.

Stable organic radicals with unique luminescence show great importance in photoelectromagnetic materials. We herein report two unusual radical-based systems ( and ) using the concerted effects of planar chiral pillar[5]arenes and tris(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)methyl () radicals. The steric effect and electronic doublet-spin character of these radicals allowed the optical resolution and the first red emissions (∼650 nm) for pillar[5]arene derivatives.

Upregulated NMDAR-mediated GABAergic transmission underlies autistic-like deficits in knockout mice.

Mutations in serotonin pathway genes, especially the serotonergic receptor subunit gene , are associated with autism. However, the association of deficiency with autism and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. The knockout (KO) mice were generated using transcription activator-like effector nuclease technology.

Pillararenes: fascinating planar chiral macrocyclic arenes.

Chiral macrocycles possess significant value in chiral science and supramolecular chemistry. Pillararenes, as a class of relatively young supramolecular macrocyclic hosts, have been widely used for host-guest recognition and self-assembly. Since the position of substituents on the benzene rings breaks the molecular symmetry (symmetric plane and symmetric center), pillararenes possess planar chirality.

Pillar[5]arene-Based Dual Chiral Organoboranes with Allowed Host-Guest Chemistry and Circularly Polarized Luminescence.

We first describe two examples of highly luminescent organoboranes ( and ) with dual chirality that were achieved by molecular functionalization of planar chiral pillar[5]arenes with naphthyls. Sufficiently strong steric effects are imposed by triarylamine (ArN) and triarylborane (ArB) moieties and further enhanced by the proximity of the chiral building blocks, leading to the isolation of multiple enantiomers via chiral high-performance liquid chromatography. The intramolecular charge transfer from N-donor to B-acceptor across both chiral subunits enabled the circularly polarized luminescence and thermally robust colorimetric responses in their emissions.

Association Between Rare Earth Element Cerium and the Risk of Oral Cancer: A Case-Control Study in Southeast China.

Cerium (Ce), the most abundant of rare earth elements in the earth's crust, has received much health concerns due to its wide application in industry, agriculture, and medicine. The current study aims to evaluate whether there is an association between Ce exposures and the risk of developing oral cancer. Serum Ce level of 324 oral cancer patients and 650 matched healthy controls were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

[Study on the correlation between the content of bone morphogenetic protein 2 in demineralized bone matrix and its osteogenic activity and ].

Objective: To investigate the correlation between the content of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) in demineralized bone matrix (DBM) and its osteogenic activity and , in order to choose a simple and convenient method to evaluate the osteogenic activity of DBM.

Methods: The left mid-femoral tissues of 9 donors were taken, and DBMs (S1-S9) were prepared by dynamic decalcification process, and inactivated DBM (control group) was prepared at the same time. Protease inhibitor method, collagenase method, guanidine hydrochloride/ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) method, and RIPA lysate method were used to extract BMP-2 in S1-S9 and inactivated DBMs.

Planar Chiral Organoboranes with Thermoresponsive Emission and Circularly Polarized Luminescence: Integration of Pillar[5]arenes with Boron Chemistry.

Enantiopure molecules based on macrocyclic architecture are unique for applications in enantioselective host-guest recognition, chiral sensing and asymmetric catalysis. Taking advantage of the chiral transfer from the intrinsically planar chirality of pillar[5]arenes, we herein present an efficient and straightforward approach to achieve early examples of highly luminescent chiral systems (P5NN and P5BN). The optical resolution of their enantiomers has been carried out via preparative chiral HPLC, which was ascribed to the molecular functionalization of pillar[5]arenes with π-conjugated, sterically bulky triarylamine (Ar N) as an electron donor and triarylborane (Ar B) as an acceptor.

Comparison of the neurotoxicity associated with cobalt nanoparticles and cobalt chloride in Wistar rats.

Cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs) have been widely used in industry given their physical, chemical and magnetic properties; however, CoNPs may cause neurological symptoms and diseases in human, yet their mechanisms of toxicity remain unknown. Here, we used male Wistar rats to investigate differences in the toxic effects associated with CoNPs and CoCl. Upon exposure to CoCl, and 96 nm or 123 nm CoNPs at the same concentration, the Co content in CoCl group was significantly higher than that in either the CoNPs groups in brain tissues and blood, but lower in liver.

Serum copper and zinc levels and the risk of oral cancer: A new insight based on large-scale case-control study.

Objective: Limited evidence exists on the roles of serum copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in oral cancer risk. We aimed to preliminarily explore the association between serum Cu and Zn levels and oral cancer risk with relatively large-scale samples.

Methods: Serum Cu and Zn levels of 344 oral cancer patients and 1,122 matched healthy controls in this case-control study were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).

Pillararene-based fluorescent chemosensors: recent advances and perspectives.

In 2008, a new class of pillar-shaped supramolecular macrocyclic hosts was reported, known as "pillararenes". Their particular electron-rich cavity and the ease of their functionalization offer possibilities for the design and synthesis of novel fluorescent chemosensors. Subsequently, pillararene-based fluorescent sensors and probes have been rapidly developed.

A novel supramolecular organogel based on acylhydrazone functionalized pillar[5]arene acts as an I responsive smart material.

A novel organic gelator (PZ) has been synthesized by rationally connecting a pillar[5]arene moiety and a bis(hexadecyloxy)phenyl functionalized acylhydrazone moiety. PZ could self-assemble into a supramolecular polymer and form a stable organogel (OPZ) in cyclohexanol by multi-self-assembly driving forces such as C-Hπ, ππ, vdW and hydrogen bonding interactions. The organogel (OPZ) shows blue aggregation-induced emission (AIE).