The role of genetics on behavioral outcomes in nonsyndromic sagittal synostosis.

Objective: Previous work identified an association between genetics and neurodevelopmental delays in patients with nonsyndromic craniosynostosis. The authors investigated the role of genetic mutations on behavioral outcomes of patients with treated sagittal synostosis.

Methods: Parents of children aged 6-18 years with surgically corrected sagittal synostosis were recruited to complete the Child Behavioral Checklist (overall behavioral problems), Conners 3rd Edition-Parent (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder), Social Responsiveness Scale 2nd Edition (autism spectrum disorder [ASD]), and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function 2nd Edition (executive function).

Opioid prescribing patterns for distal radius fractures in the ambulatory setting: A 10-year retrospective study.

Objective: Distal radius fractures (DRFs) are one of the most common orthopedic injuries, with most managed in the nonoperative ambulatory setting. The objectives of this study are to examine National Health Center Statistics (NHCS) data for DRF treated in the nonoperative ambulatory setting to identify opioid and nonopioid analgesic prescribing patterns and to determine demographic risk factors for prescription of these medications. Design, setting, patients, and measures: This study is a retrospective analysis of data collected by the NHCS from 2007 to 2016.

Risk of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Executive Function Impairment in Metopic Craniosynostosis.

Background: Favorable behavioral interactions are critical for academic and interpersonal success. An association between metopic synostosis and behavioral impairments has not been fully elucidated. Behavioral dysfunction in school-age children with surgically corrected metopic synostosis was evaluated using targeted testing to detect the most common behavioral abnormalities in this population.

Technique for Cephalometric Analysis of the Craniofacial Skeleton Following Facial Feminization Surgery.

Facial feminization surgery (FFS) is characterized by a series of relatively diverse procedures aimed at aligning skeletal and soft tissue facial appearance with one's experienced feminine gender. Although there are several well-described outcomes from surgical techniques, there is no standardized methodology to provide reliable analyses of postoperative FFS outcomes. This paper describes the first reliable and reproducible technique to accurately and consistently measure post-FFS changes to guide surgical planning to optimize patient outcomes.

Quantifying Facial Feminization Surgery's Impact: Focus on Patient Facial Satisfaction.

Background: Facial feminization surgery (FFS) has been associated with improving gender dysphoria in transgender patients. This study aimed to quantify the impact of surgery on patient facial satisfaction, using the FACE-Q and a quality-of-life (QoL) survey.

Methods: Transgender female patients were recruited to complete the FACE-Q and the World Health Organization's QoL Scale-Short Form (WHOQOL-BREF) if they were planning to or had undergone FFS at our institution.

Long-Term Control of Nasal Tip Position: Quantitative Assessment of Caudal Septal Extension Graft.

Background: Control of nasal tip position is critical to final rhinoplasty outcomes. Two frequent methods of exerting tip control are columellar strut and caudal septal extension graft (SEG). Past work has demonstrated that SEG are better able to preserve tip position.

Current Trends in Ideal Nasal Aesthetics Show Younger Patients Have a Preference Toward Longer Augmented Noses.

Background: Aesthetic norms fluctuate over time and often result in generational differences in preferred ideal nasal aesthetics. While some traditional concepts of the ideal nasal aesthetic have been suggested in our literature, there has been no study to date that has identified contemporary preferences across different age groups.

Objectives: To understand the general population's current perception of ideal nasal profiles.

Ear Molding Therapy of Congenital Ear Anomalies: Long-Term Aesthetic Outcomes and Caretaker Satisfaction.

Introduction: Ear molding is a safe, non-surgical approach to treat newborns with congenital ear anomalies. In this study, we aimed to investigate long-term aesthetic outcomes and caretaker satisfaction from ear molding therapy.

Methods: A retrospective chart review from 2018 to 2020 was conducted for infants who underwent ear molding treatment at our institution.

Concomitant Cervical Spine Injuries in Pediatric Maxillofacial Trauma: An 11 Year Review of the National Trauma Data Bank.

Purpose: Craniofacial trauma with concomitant cervical fractures (CCFs) is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population. We aim to characterize its incidence, injury patterns, outcomes, and risk factors, along with identifying any association between mandible fractures and cervical injuries via the National Trauma Databank.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed using National Trauma Databank records between 2007 and 2017 to identify patients equal or under the age of 18 years hospitalized for maxillofacial trauma and with recorded cervical injury.

Comprehensive analysis and prediction of long-term durability of factor IX activity following etranacogene dezaparvovec gene therapy in the treatment of hemophilia B.

Objective: Congenital hemophilia B is a rare bleeding disorder caused by defects in the gene encoding factor IX (FIX) leading to coagulation deficiency. Recurrent bleeds may cause chronic pain, disability, and reduced quality of life. Phase 2 b and 3 single-arm, open-label, single-dose trials assessing etranacogene dezaparvovec gene therapy for hemophilia B have demonstrated sustained FIX activity levels over observed periods, but long-term durability of the treatment effect has not been established.

The effect of treatment timing on clinical and psychological outcomes with Twin Block therapy: A multicentre two-arm parallel randomised controlled trial.

Objective: To evaluate whether delaying treatment with a twin block appliance affects treatment outcomes, in terms of skeletal and dental change and psychological disadvantage.

Design: Multicentre, two-arm parallel randomised controlled trial.

Setting: Three UK hospital orthodontic units.

Gender Disparities Among Craniofacial Surgeons.

To delineate career differences between genders of practicing plastic surgeons who have completed craniofacial fellowship given the known disparities in surgeons' professional and personal lives and an already lengthy residency training, there is concern that less women may commit to further fellowship training. Craniofacial fellowship programs were contacted to identify graduates and an internet search was attempted where information was not available. Surgeon profiles and literature databases were used to obtain practice demographics and publications.

An age-related algorithm for management of micro-orbitism from anophthalmia: a systematic review with supplemental case reports.

Management of pediatric anophthalmia and resultant micro-orbitism is challenging. The efficacy and safety of treatment methods vary with age as bony changes grow recalcitrant to implants in those at skeletal maturity and osteotomies become technically challenging following frontal sinus pneumatization. This study aims to review methods for managing micro-orbitism and develop an age-based treatment approach.

Frontline Reporting from the Epicenter of a Global Pandemic: A Survey of the Impact of COVID-19 on Plastic Surgery Training in New York and New Jersey.

Background: Since the first documented case of coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), the greater New York City area quickly became the epicenter of the global pandemic, with over 500,000 cases and 50,000 deaths. This unprecedented crisis affected all aspects of health care, including plastic surgery residency training. The purpose of this study was to understand the specific impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on plastic surgery residencies.

Ergonomics Among Craniofacial Surgeons: A Survey of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Discomfort and Injury.

Introduction: Surgical procedures with loupe magnification, headlights, and microscopes expose craniofacial surgeons to mechanical stress that can increase risk of long-term musculoskeletal pain and injury. Identifying the prevalence and cause of work-related musculoskeletal discomfort may guide preventative strategies to prolong well-being, job satisfaction, and greater duration of surgical careers.

Methods: A 29-question online survey was distributed to the surgeon members of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association.

Trends in opioid prescription for craniomaxillofacial trauma in the United States: An 11-year retrospective study of emergency room and office visits.

Background: Facial trauma is associated with significant long-term morbidity and pain. These patients are routinely prescribed opioid medication and are at risk for opioid dependence. Rates and trends in opioid prescription in the ambulatory setting for management of craniofacial trauma are unknown.

Expanding the Utilization of Low-Dose Computed Tomography in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Based on Validated Practices Among Surgical Specialties.

Introduction: As computed tomography (CT) usage increases, so have concerns over radiation-induced malignancy. To mitigate these risks, low-dose CT (LDCT) has emerged as a versatile alternative by other specialties, although its use in plastic surgery remains sparse. This study aimed to investigate validated uses of LDCT across surgical specialties and extrapolate these insights to expand its application for plastic surgeons.

A study of smile aesthetic perception among dental professionals, patients and parents towards impacted maxillary canine treatment options.

Objective: To evaluate the smile aesthetics of the different treatment options for impacted maxillary canines as perceived by orthodontists, dentists, patients and parents.

Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Setting: Four rater groups were selected to complete the questionnaire consisting of an orthodontist group, a general dental practitioner group, a patient group consisting of patients aged 11-18 years who were considered to be 'Gillick competent' and a parent group consisting of parents/guardians who accompanied the patients to their orthodontic appointments.

Sinus pericranii in the upper eyelid: diagnosis and management guidelines.

Sinus pericranii (SP) is a rare malformation involving aberrant connections between the dural venous sinuses and extracranial veins. Classically considered congenital pathology, there are reported instances of post-traumatic SP in adults. Very rarely, the upper eyelid is involved and the resulting ptosis can obstruct the visual axis.

Parotid Gland Tumours: Our Experience.

Salivary gland tumor comprises of approximately 3 to 10% of neoplasms of the head and neck region. Parotid gland is the most commonly involved salivary gland with an incidence of 62% followed by submandibular gland and other minor salivary gland tumors. However clinical course of benign and malignant tumors resemble each other in clinical findings, we require histopatholocal or cytological diagnosis for planning of management.

Sensitivity and specificity of the Vectraplex electrocardiogram system with a cardiac electric biomarker in the diagnosis of ST-elevation myocardial infarction.

ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a clinical diagnosis based on a compatible history and characteristic electrocardiographic changes. In the current era, STEMI is treated emergently with angiography, leading to percutaneous coronary intervention. However, false-positive electrocardiograms (ECGs) occur, resulting in unnecessary emergent catheterizations.

Health-related quality of life in paediatric haemophilia B patients treated with rIX-FP.

Introduction: Frequent infusions and bleeds can impact on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of paediatric haemophilia B patients. rIX-FP (IDELVION ) is a fusion protein linking recombinant factor IX with recombinant albumin, and is associated with low bleeding rates with a weekly regimen, which could improve HRQoL.

Aims: To measure the effect of rIX-FP prophylaxis on the HRQoL of paediatric patients and treatment satisfaction in their caregivers using the Haemo-QoL and Hemo-SAT questionnaires, respectively.

Smart Phone Based Audiometry in City Traffic Police.

Noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) is defined as "reduction in auditory acuity associated with noise exposure". Traffic police is a bundle of people who are the usual sufferer of this type of increased hearing threshold. In developing countries like India, many of them are unable to access audiology services, because of shortage of trained professionals and limited sources.