Ecological and anthropogenic drivers of local extinction and colonization of giant pandas over the past 30 years.

Understanding the patterns and drivers of species range shifts is essential to disentangle mechanisms driving species' responses to global change. Here, we quantified local extinction and colonization dynamics of giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) using occurrence data collected by harnessing the labor of >1000 workers and >60,000 worker days for each of the three periods (TP1: 1985-1988, TP2: 1998-2002, and TP3: 2011-2014), and evaluated how these patterns were associated with (1) protected area, (2) local rarity/abundance, and (3) abiotic factors (i.e.

Revealing the Mechanism of Baroni in Depression Treatment Through Integrated Network Pharmacology and Transcriptomic Analysis.

: Baroni (HCB) is a traditional herb for the treatment of depression in China. However, the active constituents and the underlying mechanisms of its antidepressant effects remain unclear. The aim of this study was to identify the bioactive constituents of HCB and elucidate its underlying mechanism for the treatment of depression.

Cerebral schistosomiasis in a 3-year-old girl due to : a case report.

Introduction: Cerebral schistosomiasis is a rare but severe manifestation of infection, often leading to significant neurological impairment. This case report details the clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, and treatment of a 3-year-old girl with cerebral schistosomiasis in Sichuan, China.

Case Description: A 3-year-old girl from a rural area in Sichuan, China, presented with a 3-month history of unstable walking, left facial paralysis, drowsiness, and intermittent fever.

Captivity increased the abundance of high-risk antibiotic resistance genes in the giant panda gut microbiome.

Captivity is a key strategy for protecting endangered species, but research has primarily focused on artificial breeding and reintroduction to bolster wild populations, often overlooking the environmental and health risks associated with antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Here, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the microbiome and ARG profiles in the gut of wild giant pandas across five representative populations, as well as one captive population, utilizing 16S rRNA gene sequencing and High-Throughput Quantitative PCR. Our findings revealed that both geographic location and captivity significantly influenced the gut microbial community and ARG composition in the gut of giant pandas.

Stress triggers gut dysbiosis via CRH-CRHR1-mitochondria pathway.

Stress can lead to gut dysbiosis in brain-gut axis disordered diseases as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), yet the mechanisms how stress transfer from the brain to the gut and disrupt gut microbiota remain elusive. Here we describe a stress-responsive brain-to-gut axis which impairs colonocytes' mitochondria to trigger gut dysbiosis. Patients with IBS exhibit significantly increased facultative anaerobes and decreased obligate anaerobes, related to increased serum corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) level and defected colonocytes' mitochondria ultrastructure.

FBXO45 Knockdown Restrains the Progression of Bladder Cancer via the ERK/Cyclin D1/CDK4 Pathway.

Backgrounds: F-box protein 45 () has been implicated in the progression of several diseases. Whether is involved in the development of bladder cancer remains unclear. Thus, this study focused on the effect of on the malignant progression of bladder cancer cells.

Enhancing the Viability of a Small Giant Panda Population Through Individual Introduction From a Larger Conspecific Group: A Scientific Simulation Study.

Currently, nearly 70% of giant panda populations are facing survival challenges. The introduction of wild individuals can bring vitality to them. To explore this possibility, we hypothetically introduced giant pandas from Tangjiahe and Wanglang into Liziping and Daxiangling Nature Reserves.

Facilitating giant panda crossings of national highway in Wolong area of Giant Panda National Park amid human activities.

As human activities continue to expand, wildlife persistence faces escalating threats from roads. In Wolong area of Giant Panda National Park, the local giant pandas () are divided into two population groups along the National Highway G350 (NHG). Therefore, selecting suitable areas to help those giant pandas communicate across the NHG is necessary.

Characterizing the metabolome and microbiome at giant panda scent marking sites during the mating season.

Scent marking sites served as a primary means of chemical communication for giant pandas, enabling intraspecific communication. We integrated metabolomics and high-throughput sequencing techniques to examine the non-targeted metabolome and microbial community structure of scent marking sites and feces in the field. Integrative analysis revealed a more comprehensive array of chemical compounds compared to previous investigations, including ketones, acids, heterocycles, alcohols, and aldehydes.

Effects of climate warming on soil nitrogen cycles and bamboo growth in core giant panda habitat.

Climate change can pose a significant threat to terrestrial ecosystems by disrupting the circulation of soil nitrogen. However, experimental analyses on the effect of climate change on soil nitrogen cycles and the implications for the conservation of key wildlife species (i.e.

Up-regulated PLA2G10 in cancer impairs T cell infiltration to dampen immunity.

T cells are often absent from human cancer tissues during both spontaneously induced immunity and therapeutic immunotherapy, even in the presence of a functional T cell-recruiting chemokine system, suggesting the existence of T cell exclusion mechanisms that impair infiltration. Using a genome-wide in vitro screening platform, we identified a role for phospholipase A2 group 10 (PLA2G10) protein in T cell exclusion. PLA2G10 up-regulation is widespread in human cancers and is associated with poor T cell infiltration in tumor tissues.

Probing Polymorphic Stacking Domains in Mechanically Exfoliated Two-Dimensional Nanosheets Using Atomic Force Microscopy and Ultralow-Frequency Raman Spectroscopy.

As one of the key features of two-dimensional (2D) layered materials, stacking order has been found to play an important role in modulating the interlayer interactions of 2D materials, potentially affecting their electronic and other properties as a consequence. In this work, ultralow-frequency (ULF) Raman spectroscopy, electrostatic force microscopy (EFM), and high-resolution atomic force microscopy (HR-AFM) were used to systematically study the effect of stacking order on the interlayer interactions as well as electrostatic screening of few-layer polymorphic molybdenum disulfide (MoS) and molybdenum diselenide (MoSe) nanosheets. The stacking order difference was first confirmed by measuring the ULF Raman spectrum of the nanosheets with polymorphic stacking domains.

Deciphering m6A signatures in hepatocellular carcinoma: Single-cell insights, immune landscape, and the protective role of IGFBP3.

RNA m6 methyladenosine (m6A) modifications impact tumor biology and immune processes, particularly in hepatocellular malignant tumors. Using a consensus clustering algorithm on 371 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) samples, we identified three m6A-modified subtypes and correlated them with positive tumor microenvironment (TME) markers for distinct immune phenotypes. Stratifying patients based on m6A scores revealed a low presentation group with better immune penetration, lower tumor mutation load, and increased expression of immune checkpoint markers like CTLA-4 and PD-1, suggesting enhanced responsiveness to immunization therapy.

Distinct Effects of Non-absorbed Agents Rifaximin and Berberine on the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Dysbiosis-induced Visceral Hypersensitivity in Rats.

Background/aims: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is accepted as a disorder of gut-brain interactions. Berberine and rifaximin are non-absorbed antibiotics and have been confirmed effective for IBS treatment, but there is still lack of direct comparison of their effects. This study aims to compare the effect of the 2 drugs on the alteration of gut-brain axis caused by gut microbiota from IBS patients.

Study on the Overmolding Process of Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Poly (Aryl Ether Ketone) (PAEK)/Poly (Ether Ether Ketone) (PEEK) Thermoplastic Composites.

This paper used poly (aryl ether ketone) (PAEK) resin with a low melting temperature to prepare laminate via the compression-molding process for continuous-carbon-fiber-reinforced composites (CCF-PAEK). Then, poly (ether ether ketone) (PEEK), or a short-carbon-fiber-reinforced poly (ether ether ketone) (SCF-PEEK) with a high melting temperature, was injected to prepare the overmolding composites. The shear strength of short beams was used to characterize the interface bonding strength of composites.

Species coexistence and niche interaction between sympatric giant panda and Chinese red panda: A spatiotemporal approach.

The giant panda () and the Chinese red panda () are distributed in the same region in the mountain forest ecosystem on the eastern edge of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and share the same food sources. In order to understand how sympatric giant pandas and Chinese red pandas maintain interspecific relationships to achieve stable coexistence, we used species distribution models and diurnal activity rhythms to analyze the spatial and temporal niche characteristics of giant pandas and Chinese red pandas in the Daxiangling Mountain system based on 187 camera traps data. The results show that: (1) In the Daxiangling Mountains, the total area of suitable habitats for giant pandas and Chinese red pandas is 717.

"Sentinel or accomplice": gut microbiota and microglia crosstalk in disorders of gut-brain interaction.

Abnormal brain-gut interaction is considered the core pathological mechanism behind the disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI), in which the intestinal microbiota plays an important role. Microglia are the "sentinels" of the central nervous system (CNS), which participate in tissue damage caused by traumatic brain injury, resist central infection and participate in neurogenesis, and are involved in the occurrence of various neurological diseases. With in-depth research on DGBI, we could find an interaction between the intestinal microbiota and microglia and that they are jointly involved in the occurrence of DGBI, especially in individuals with comorbidities of mental disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

The Role of Genetically Engineered Probiotics for Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review.

Background: Many preclinical studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of genetically modified probiotics (gm probiotics) in animal models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Objective: This systematic review was performed to investigate the role of gm probiotics in treating IBD and to clarify the involved mechanisms.

Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Medline were searched from their inception to 18 September 2022 to identify preclinical and clinical studies exploring the efficacy of gm probiotics in IBD animal models or IBD patients.

Preoperative α-blockade versus no blockade for pheochromocytoma-paraganglioma patients undergoing surgery: a systematic review and updated meta-analysis.

Background: Surgical resection of pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) is associated with a significant risk of intraoperative hemodynamic instability and cardiovascular complications. α-blockade remains the routine preoperative medical preparation despite controversies over the lack of evidence. We presented an updated meta-analysis to ulteriorly evaluate the potential efficacy of preoperative α-blockade versus no blockade for PPGL patients undergoing surgery.

Berberine and rifaximin effects on small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: Study protocol for an investigator-initiated, double-arm, open-label, randomized clinical trial (BRIEF-SIBO study).

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) leads to non-specific abdominal discomfort and nutrient malabsorption. Currently, rifaximin is widely applied in SIBO based on its antibacterial and non-absorbable nature. Berberine is a natural component of many popular medicine plants that ameliorates intestinal inflammation in humans through its modification of the gut microbiota.

Carbonate-induced enhancement of phenols degradation in CuS/peroxymonosulfate system: A clear correlation between this enhancement and electronic effects of phenols substituents.

This study investigated the enhancement effects of dissolved carbonates on the peroxymonosulfate-based advanced oxidation process with CuS as a catalyst. It was found that the added CO increased both the catalytic activity and the stability of the catalyst. Under optimized reaction conditions in the presence of CO, the degradation removal of 4-methylphenol (4-MP) within 2 min reached 100%, and this was maintained in consecutive multi-cycle experiments.