Acetabular dysplasia and the risk of developing hip osteoarthritis within 4-8 years: An individual participant data meta-analysis of 18,807 hips from the World COACH consortium.

Objective: To study the association between various radiographic definitions of acetabular dysplasia (AD) and incident radiographic hip osteoarthritis (RHOA), and to analyze in subgroups.

Methods: Hips free of RHOA at baseline and with follow-up within 4-8 years were drawn from the World COACH consortium. The Wiberg center edge angle (WCEA), acetabular depth width ratio (ADR), and the modified acetabular index (mAI) were calculated.

Evolutionary and Expression Analyses of the Family in Tea Plants () and Functional Characterization of in Response to Environmental Stresses.

Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors play crucial roles in various biological processes and responses to environmental stresses. However, the functions of the family in tea plants remain largely unexplored. Here, we identified 74 genes in tea plants () and classified them into 12 phylogenetic groups, supported by analyses of conserved motifs and gene structures.

The association between cam morphology and hip pain in males and females within 10 years: A national prospective cohort study (CHECK).

Objectives: To determine the association between baseline cam morphology and self-reported hip pain assessed at annual visits over a 10-year follow-up period stratified by biological sex. The secondary aim was to study the association between the magnitude of cam morphology and the severity of pain in symptomatic hips.

Methods: The nationwide prospective Cohort Hip and Cohort Knee (CHECK) study includes 1,002 participants aged 45-65 years.

Cohort profile: Worldwide Collaboration on OsteoArthritis prediCtion for the Hip (World COACH) - an international consortium of prospective cohort studies with individual participant data on hip osteoarthritis.

Purpose: Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of pain and disability worldwide. Lack of effective therapies may reflect poor knowledge on its aetiology and risk factors, and result in the management of end-stage hip OA with costly joint replacement. The Worldwide Collaboration on OsteoArthritis prediCtion for the Hip (World COACH) consortium was established to pool and harmonise individual participant data from prospective cohort studies.

Cam morphology is strongly and consistently associated with development of radiographic hip osteoarthritis throughout 4 follow-up visits within 10 years.

Objective: To determine the association between cam morphology and the development of radiographic hip osteoarthritis (RHOA) at four time points within 10-year follow-up.

Design: The nationwide prospective Cohort Hip and Cohort Knee study includes 1002 participants aged 45-65 years with 2-, 5-, 8-, and 10-year follow-ups. The associations of cam morphology (alpha angle >60°) and large cam morphology (alpha angle >78°) in hips free of osteoarthritis at baseline (Kellgren & Lawrence (KL) grade <2) with the development of both incident RHOA (KL grade≥2) and end-stage RHOA (KL grade≥3) were estimated using logistic regression with generalized estimating equation at each follow-up and using Cox regression over 10 years, adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index.

Characterization of Key Odorants in Lingtou Dancong Oolong Tea and Their Differences Induced by Environmental Conditions from Different Altitudes.

Lingtou Dancong oolong tea is a famous Chinese oolong tea due to its special honey-like aroma. However, little is known about its specific aroma profile and key contributors. Furthermore, whether the aroma characteristics of Lingtou Dancong oolong tea are affected by the environmental conditions at different altitudes is unknown.

Characterizing the cultivar-specific mechanisms underlying the accumulation of quality-related metabolites in specific Chinese tea (Camellia sinensis) germplasms to diversify tea products.

The diverse tea (Camellia sinensis) germplasms in China include those that specifically accumulate metabolites, such as anthocyanin, catechin, amino acid, caffeine, aroma compound, and chlorophyll. There is interest in the derived products because of special flavor quality or high efficacy activity. This review describes the characteristics of specific tea germplasms and associated regulatory mechanisms.

Effects of temperature and light on quality-related metabolites in tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze] leaves.

In China, the environmental conditions in mountainous regions are suitable for producing high-quality tea, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Analyses of published data revealed tea leaves harvested at high altitudes are associated with high-quality tea, possibly because of the effects of light and temperature. This was confirmed by simulating the changes induced by temperature and light at different altitudes.

Mechanism underlying the carotenoid accumulation in shaded tea leaves.

Carotenoids contribute to tea leaf coloration and are the precursors of important aromatic compounds. Shading can promote the accumulation of carotenoids in tea leaves, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In the study, we analyzed the content and composition of carotenoids, and transcript levels and functions of related genes in carotenoid biosynthesis using HPLC, qRT-PCR, and heterologous expression system.

Soil nutrient deficiency decreases the postharvest quality-related metabolite contents of tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) leaves.

The long-term cultivation of tea plants without fertilization can severely decrease yield, but it remains unclear whether this soil nutrient deficiency affects tea quality. In this study, tea plants (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) cultivated in unfertilized soil for 11 years were analyzed.

Mechanism Underlying the Shading-Induced Chlorophyll Accumulation in Tea Leaves.

Besides aroma and taste, the color of dry tea leaves, tea infusion, and infused tea leaves is also an important index for tea quality. Shading can significantly increase the chlorophyll content of tea leaves, leading to enhanced tea leaf coloration. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism remains unclear.

Effects of Long-Term Non-Pruning on Main Quality Constituents in 'Dancong' Tea () Leaves Based on Proteomics and Metabolomics Analysis.

'Dancong' tea is a famous traditional Oolong tea. In order to keep the original taste of "ancient tea trees", most of the 'Dancong' tea plants are planted in a single plant pattern without pruning. The objective of this study was to explore the effects of long-term non-pruning on main quality constituents in 'Dancong' tea.

Elucidation of the Regular Emission Mechanism of Volatile β-Ocimene with Anti-insect Function from Tea Plants () Exposed to Herbivore Attack.

Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) play an important role in insect resistance. As a common HIPV in tea plants (), β-ocimene has shown anti-insect function in other plants. However, whether β-ocimene in tea plants also provides insect resistance, and its mechanism of synthesis and emission are unknown.

Transformation of Salicylic Acid and Its Distribution in Tea Plants () at the Tissue and Subcellular Levels.

Salicylic acid (SA) is a well-known immune-related hormone that has been well studied in model plants. However, less attention has been paid to the presence of SA and its derivatives in economic plants, such as tea plants (). This study showed that tea plants were rich in SA and responded differently to different pathogens.

Uncovering reasons for differential accumulation of linalool in tea cultivars with different leaf area.

It is generally proposed that tea cultivars with larger leaves contain more linalool, an important tea aroma contributor, than ones with smaller leaves. The objective of this study was to confirm the trait and explore the involved reason. Investigation on ten tea cultivars with different leaf areas demonstrated a significant positive correlation between linalool content and leaf area (R = 0.

Correction: Insects ( (Morgan)) change the stereochemical configuration of 1-phenylethanol emitted from tea () flowers.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/C7RA03219F.].

Enzymatic Reaction-Related Protein Degradation and Proteinaceous Amino Acid Metabolism during the Black Tea () Manufacturing Process.

Amino acids contribute to the nutritional value and quality of black tea. Fermentation is the most important stage of the black tea manufacturing process. In this study, we investigated protein degradation and proteinaceous amino acid metabolism associated with enzymatic reactions during fermentation in the black tea manufacturing process.

Formation of α-Farnesene in Tea () Leaves Induced by Herbivore-Derived Wounding and Its Effect on Neighboring Tea Plants.

Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) play important ecological roles in defense against stresses. In contrast to model plants, reports on HIPV formation and function in crops are limited. Tea () is an important crop in China.

Effect of Major Tea Insect Attack on Formation of Quality-Related Nonvolatile Specialized Metabolites in Tea ( Camellia sinensis) Leaves.

Insect attack is known to induce a high accumulation of volatile metabolites in tea ( Camellia sinensis). However, little information is available concerning the effect of insect attack on tea quality-related nonvolatile specialized metabolites. This study aimed to investigate the formation of characteristic nonvolatile specialized metabolites in tea leaves in response to attack by major tea insects, namely, tea green leafhoppers and tea geometrids, and determine the possible involvement of phytohormones in metabolite formation resulting from insect attack.

Influence of Chloroplast Defects on Formation of Jasmonic Acid and Characteristic Aroma Compounds in Tea () Leaves Exposed to Postharvest Stresses.

Characteristic aroma formation in tea () leaves during the oolong tea manufacturing process might result from the defense responses of tea leaves against these various stresses, which involves upregulation of the upstream signal phytohormones related to leaf chloroplasts, such as jasmonic acid (JA). Whether chloroplast changes affect the formation of JA and characteristic aroma compounds in tea leaves exposed to stresses is unknown. In tea germplasms, albino-induced yellow tea leaves have defects in chloroplast ultrastructure and composition.

Habitat management as a safe and effective approach for improving yield and quality of tea (Camellia sinensis) leaves.

Tea (Camellia sinensis) leaves are used to make the most widely consumed beverage globally after water. Therefore, the safety and quality of raw tea leaves are important indices for making tea and related products. Habitat management has been widely used as an environmentally friendly method to control pests in agroecosystems.

Differential accumulation of specialized metabolite l-theanine in green and albino-induced yellow tea (Camellia sinensis) leaves.

l-Theanine is a specialized metabolite in tea (Camellia sinensis) leaves that contributes to tea function and quality. Yellow tea leaves (albino) generally have higher l-theanine contents than green tea leaves (normal), but the reason is unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate why l-theanine is accumulated in yellow tea leaves.

Differential Accumulation of Aroma Compounds in Normal Green and Albino-Induced Yellow Tea () Leaves.

Tea () cultivars with green leaves are the most widely used for making tea. Recently, tea mutants with white or yellow young shoots have attracted increasing interest as raw materials for making "high-quality" tea products. Albino teas are generallycharacterized as having metabolites of relatively high amino acid content and lower catechin content.

Functional Characterization of An Involved in Biosynthesis of Jasmonic Acid and Its Influence on Metabolite Profiles and Ethylene Formation in Tea () Flowers.

Jasmonic acid (JA) is reportedly involved in the interaction between insects and the vegetative parts of horticultural crops; less attention has, however, been paid to its involvement in the interaction between insects and the floral parts of horticultural crops. Previously, we investigated the () gene that was found to be the only JA synthesis gene upregulated in tea () flowers exposed to insect ( (Morgan)) attacks. In our present study, transient expression analysis in plants confirmed that CsAOS2 functioned in JA synthesis and was located in the chloroplast membrane.