EGFR and ERBB2 Exon 20 Insertion Mutations in Chinese Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients: Pathological and Molecular Characterization, and First-Line Systemic Treatment Evaluation.

Background: Data from studies looking at both EGFR and ERBB2 exon 20 insertion mutations (-20ins) in the same cohort of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are limited.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze EGFR/ERBB2-20ins in all-stage NSCLC patients to reveal their histological and molecular features, and to retrospectively evaluate the results of first-line real-world systemic treatments in patients with advanced-stage disease.

Patients And Methods: We collected 13,920 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded NSCLC specimens.

Two-year outcomes of clinical N2-3 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy from the phase 2 NICE study.

Objective: This study aims to report the 2-year outcomes of patients with clinical stage N2-3 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy followed by surgery from a phase 2 NICE trial.

Methods: Eligible patients with clinical stage N2-3 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were screened and enrolled, then treated with regimen of nab-paclitaxel (100 mg/m, days 1, 8, 15), carboplatin (area under the curve = 5, day 1), camrelizumab (200 mg, day 1) of two 21-day cycles and esophagectomy 4 to 6 weeks after the last chemotherapy. Oncologic outcomes, recurrence patterns, overall survival (OS), and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were explored.

Single-cell profiling reveals the trajectory of FOLR2-expressing tumor-associated macrophages to regulatory T cells in the progression of lung adenocarcinoma.

An immunosuppressive microenvironment enriched with regulatory CD4 T lymphocytes (Tregs) facilitates the progression of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). This study aims to investigate the cellular mechanism underlying the formation of the immunosuppressive microenvironment in LUAD. LUAD samples (n = 12) and normal lung samples (n = 3) were obtained from patients with different pathological stages of LUAD.

Identification and therapeutic evaluation of ALK rearrangements in non-small-cell lung cancer.

This study aimed to present a comprehensive assessment of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements evaluated by DNA/RNA-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) and Ventana immunohistochemistry (IHC) in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to evaluate the therapeutic outcomes of ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment. We investigated ALK gene fusions in 14,894 patients with NSCLC using Ventana IHC and NGS, including 12,533 cases detected via DNA-based NGS and 2,361 cases using RNA-based NGS. The overall percentage agreement (OPA), positive percentage agreement (PPA), and negative percentage agreement (NPA) were calculated when comparing the results between NGS and IHC.

Patterns of Recurrence After Robot-Assisted Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE) has been proven to be a feasible surgical approach for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). This study aimed to investigate the recurrence pattern and potential risk factors after RAMIE. Consecutive patients with ESCC who received RAMIE with McKeown technique at a single Esophageal Cancer Institute from November 2015 to September 2018 were retrospectively reviewed.

Three-arm phase II trial comparing camrelizumab plus chemotherapy versus camrelizumab plus chemoradiation versus chemoradiation as preoperative treatment for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (NICE-2 Study).

Background: Preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) with CROSS regimen has been the recommended treatment for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The addition of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitor to preoperative CRT may further improve oncologic results. Preoperative camrelizumab plus chemotherapy has been demonstrated as a promising treatment modality based on results of the phase II NICE study (ChiCTR1900026240).

Multicenter, single-arm, phase II trial of camrelizumab and chemotherapy as neoadjuvant treatment for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Camrelizumab and chemotherapy demonstrated durable antitumor activity with a manageable safety profile as first-line treatment in patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of camrelizumab plus neoadjuvant chemotherapy, using pathologically complete response (pCR) as primary endpoint, in the treatment for locally advanced ESCC.

Methods: Patients with locally advanced but resectable thoracic ESCC, staged as T1b-4a, N2-3 (≥3 stations), and M0 or M1 lymph node metastasis (confined to the supraclavicular lymph nodes) were enrolled.

Occurrence and Prognostic Value of Perineural Invasion in Esophageal Squamous Cell Cancer: A Retrospective Study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the occurrence and prognostic value of perineural invasion (PNI) as a classic tumor pathological feature in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 794 ESCC patients who underwent radical esophagectomy at Shanghai Chest Hospital from 2017 to 2018. The incidence, associated factors, and prognosis of PNI were analyzed.

Fusion as a Diagnostic Biomarker for Metaplastic Thymoma.

Background: Metaplastic thymoma is a very rare tumor with only a few case reports documented in literature. Hence, its molecular features have not been well explored.

Material And Methods: Seventeen specimens of metaplastic thymoma were sequenced and retrospectively analyzed by fluorescence hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry in the study.

Challenging of frozen diagnoses of small sclerosing pneumocytoma.

Aims: An increasing number of small pulmonary nodules are being screened by CT, and an intraoperative diagnosis is necessary for preventing excessive treatment. However, there is limited literature on the frozen diagnosis of small sclerosing pneumocytomas (SPs). In particular, tumours smaller than 1 cm are challenging for pathologists performing intraoperative frozen diagnosis.

Identification of NTRK gene fusions in lung adenocarcinomas in the Chinese population.

The molecular profile of neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor (NTRK) gene fusions in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is not fully understood. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and pan-tyrosine kinase receptor (TRK) immunohistochemistry (IHC) are powerful tools for NTRK fusion detection. In this study, a total of 4,619 LUAD formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues were collected from patients who underwent biopsy or resection at the Shanghai Chest Hospital during 2017-2019.

Morphological, immunohistochemical, and genetic analyses of bronchiolar adenoma and its putative variants.

We collected 26 cases of bronchiolar adenoma (BA) and its variants, and performed a comprehensive characterization using a combination of morphological, immunohistochemical, and genetic assessments. Of these 26, 13 were classic bilayered cases, including 10 proximal and 3 distal-type BAs. Of note, we also identified 13 cases that lacked a continuous basal cell layer.

An effective inflation treatment for frozen section diagnosis of small-sized lesions of the lung.

Background: The accuracy of intraoperative pathological diagnosis of small-sized pulmonary nodules including ground-glass opacity (GGO) is important for the surgeon to choose a suitable surgical procedure. Diagnosis of the small-sized lesions of the lung by frozen section (FS) is very difficult for the pathologist because of limited FS technology. Here we tested an effective inflation treatment for FS to improve the diagnostic accuracy of small-sized lung lesions.

Analysis of the Clinicopathologic Characteristics of Lung Adenocarcinoma With Mutation.

Introduction: Lung adenocarcinoma with mutation is relatively uncommon, and its clinicopathologic characteristics, disease course, and prognosis have not been well-studied.

Methods: A total of 564 lung adenocarcinoma patients were enrolled in this study. The relationship between mutational status and clinicopathologic parameters, the rates of relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS), and the mutational status of other genes commonly mutated in lung adenocarcinoma were analyzed.

Thoracic solitary fibrous tumors: an analysis of 70 patients who underwent surgical resection in a single institution.

Background: Thoracic solitary fibrous tumors (TSFTs) are uncommon mesenchymal tumors. The data regarding surgical outcomes and prognostic factors are scarce. This retrospective paper is to analyze surgical outcomes, clinical characteristics and prognosis of TSFT.

Micropapillary pattern is associated with the development of brain metastases and the reduction of survival time in EGFR-mutation lung adenocarcinoma patients with surgery.

Objective: The role of micropapillary pattern (MIP) in EGFR-mutated NSCLC patients with brain metastases (BM) after complete surgical resection still remains unclear. Therefore, a retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the role of MIP in those patients.

Methods: This study included 332 stage I-III patients with EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma and complete resection.

Clinicopathological Features of ALK Expression in 9889 Cases of Non-small-Cell Lung Cancer and Genomic Rearrangements Identified by Capture-Based Next-Generation Sequencing: A Chinese Retrospective Analysis.

Background: The clinicopathological features and genomic rearrangements of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion cases have not been fully identified.

Objective: Our objective was to explore the status of ALK in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) specimens, to explore the relationships between ALK status and clinicopathological features and to identify genomic rearrangements via capture-based next-generation sequencing (NGS).

Methods: We tested 9889 NSCLC specimens for ALK status using the Ventana anti-ALK (D5F3) antibody.

Differential diagnosis of pulmonary enteric adenocarcinoma and metastatic colorectal carcinoma with the assistance of next-generation sequencing and immunohistochemistry.

Purpose: Pulmonary enteric adenocarcinoma (PEAC), defined as tumors with an enteric component exceeding 50% and a histological morphology similar to colorectal cancer (CRC) and metastatic colorectal carcinoma (MCC), is an extremely rare primary lung adenocarcinoma, which was recently recognized by World Health Organization (WHO). Adenocarcinomas with intestinal differentiation have also been described in other anatomic sites, including paranasal sinuses, extrahepatic biliary tree, uterine and cervix, ovary. The morphologic spectrum and immunohistochemical profiles of PEAC overlap with those of colonic adenocarcinomas, the diagnosis of PEAC remains challenging.

Solitary pulmonary capillary hemangioma: Clinicopathologic and radiologic characteristics of nine surgically resected cases.

Background: Solitary pulmonary capillary hemangioma (SPCH) is an extraordinarily rare capillary derived mesenchymal neoplasm. Although routine morphology and immunohistochemistry are adequate for the diagnosis of classical SPCH in surgical specimens, true gross appearance identification of most tumor themselves and diagnosis for some exceptional cases are still very difficult. Furthermore, preoperative imaging and frozen diagnosis remain a challenge.

Primary thoracic extraskeletal osteosarcoma: a case report and literature review.

Primary extraskeletal osteosarcoma (ESOS) presenting in thoracic locations is very rare and associated with a poor prognosis. The current study presents a case involving a large anterior mediastinal mass, which was histologically confirmed as a primary osteosarcoma. The literature concerning primary thoracic ESOS is reviewed.

Prognostic relevance of TTF-1 expression in stage I adenocarcinoma.

Tyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) motivates the differentiation and development of bronchioloalveolar cells. The association of TTF-1 expression with prognosis in stage I adenocarcinoma is unclear. This study enrolled patients with resected stage I pulmonary adenocarcinoma who had TTF-1 immunostaining.

Pathologic subtype-defined prognosis is dependent on both tumor stage and status of oncogenic driver mutations in lung adenocarcinoma.

Previous studies have shown that the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma is associated with pathological characterization. In this study, we investigated whether pathology-based prognosis was further influenced by both tumor stage and oncogenic driver mutations. To this end, we recruited a cohort of 465 lung adenocarcinoma patients in China.

Histological evolution from primary lung adenocarcinoma harboring EGFR mutation to high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma.

Background: Although patients with EGFR mutated lung adenocarcinoma benefit greatly from tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), they inevitably develop acquired resistance after an average of 10-14 months of continuous treatment.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and histopathological data of eight patients with primary lung adenocarcinoma harboring EGFR mutations that transformed into high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma after TKI therapy. Morphology scanning for neuroendocrine differentiation and immunohistochemistry for neuroendocrine markers CD56, chromogranin, and synaptophysin were performed on primary adenocarcinoma tissues and repeated biopsies.