Exacerbated hepatotoxicity in in vivo and in vitro non-alcoholic fatty liver models by biomineralized copper sulfide nanoparticles.

Copper sulfide nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized through biomineralization have significant commercial potential as photothermal agents, while the safety evaluation of these NPs, especially for patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), remains insufficient. To explore the differential hepatotoxicity of copper sulfide NPs in NAFL conditions, we synthesized large-sized (LNPs, 15.1 nm) and small-sized (SNPs, 3.

Endocytic pathways and metabolic fate of colloidal bismuth subcitrate in human renal cells.

Bismuth compounds, particularly colloidal bismuth subcitrate (CBS), have been widely used in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. However, overdose of CBS has been linked to cases of acute renal failure, primarily due to the intracellular accumulation of bismuth in the kidney. To date, the detailed mechanisms of CBS internalization and its metabolic fate remain unclear.

Mechanistic study for drug induced cholestasis using batch-fabricated 3D spheroids developed by agarose-stamping method.

Cell spheroid culture can recapitulate the tissue microstructure and cellular responses in vivo. While there is a strong need to understand the modes of toxic action using the spheroid culture method, existing preparation techniques suffer from low efficiency and high cost. Herein, we developed a metal stamp containing hundreds of protrusions for batch bulk preparation of cell spheroids in each well of the culture plates.