Immune Microenvironment Alterations and Identification of Key Diagnostic Biomarkers in Chronic Kidney Disease Using Integrated Bioinformatics and Machine Learning.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) involves complex immune dysregulation and altered gene expression profiles. This study investigates immune cell infiltration, differential gene expression, and pathway enrichment in CKD patients to identify key diagnostic biomarkers through machine learning methods.

Methods: We assessed immune cell infiltration and immune microenvironment scores using the xCell algorithm.

Neuregulin 4 attenuate tubulointerstitial fibrosis and advanced glycosylation end products accumulation in diabetic nephropathy rats via regulating TNF-R1 signaling.

Neuregulin 4 (Nrg4) play important roles in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated disorders, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aims to investigate roles of Nrg4 in the pathophysiologic mechanism underlying the progression of tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) in diabetic nephropathy (DN). In present study, Nrg4 is under-expression in serum and renal tissue of diabetic nephropathy rats.

High-Level Secretory Expression and Purification of Recombinant Human Interleukin 1 Beta in Pichia pastoris.

As an important pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) participates in a variety of physiological and pathological responses. In order to obtain higher yielded recombinant human interleukin-1 beta (rhIL-1β), we cloned hIL-1β cDNA sequences based on the coding sequence of human mature IL-1β. After recombinant pPICZαA/hIL-1β was separated and sequenced, we transformed recombinant pPICZαA/hIL-1β into Pichia pastoris GS115, SMD1168 and X-33 strain via electroporation.