Fabrication and Evaluation of Gellan Gum/Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel for Retinal Tissue Engineering Biomaterial and the Influence of Substrate Stress Relaxation on Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells.

Cell therapies for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) treatment have been developed by integrating hydrogel-based biomaterials. Until now, cell activity has been observed only in terms of the modulus of the hydrogel. In addition, cell behavior has only been observed in the 2D environment of the hydrogel and the 3D matrix.

Dopamine-Functionalized Gellan Gum Hydrogel as a Candidate Biomaterial for a Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cell Delivery System.

In this study, dopamine-functionalized gellan gum (DFG) hydrogel was prepared as a carrier for retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell delivery a carbodiimide reaction. The carboxylic acid of gellan gum (GG) was replaced with catechol in a 21.3% yield, which was confirmed by NMR.

Development and Evaluation of Gellan Gum/Silk Fibroin/Chondroitin Sulfate Ternary Injectable Hydrogel for Cartilage Tissue Engineering.

Hydrogel is in the spotlight as a useful biomaterial in the field of drug delivery and tissue engineering due to its similar biological properties to a native extracellular matrix (ECM). Herein, we proposed a ternary hydrogel of gellan gum (GG), silk fibroin (SF), and chondroitin sulfate (CS) as a biomaterial for cartilage tissue engineering. The hydrogels were fabricated with a facile combination of the physical and chemical crosslinking method.

Preparation and evaluation of gellan gum hydrogel reinforced with silk fibers with enhanced mechanical and biological properties for cartilage tissue engineering.

Various research about cartilage regeneration using biomaterials has been done recently. Particularly, gellan gum hydrogel (GG) is reported to be suitable as a biomaterial for cartilage tissue engineering (TE) for its water uptaking ability, producibility, and environmental resemblance of native cartilage. Despite these advantages, mechanical and cell adhesion properties are still difficult to modulate.

Pluronic F-127/Silk Fibroin for Enhanced Mechanical Property and Sustained Release Drug for Tissue Engineering Biomaterial.

Herein, an injectable thermosensitive hydrogel was developed for a drug and cellular delivery system. The composite was prepared by facile physical mixing of pluronic F-127 (PF) and silk fibroin (SF) in an aqueous solution. The chemical structure, transparency, viscosity, injectability, degradation kinetic, cumulative release of dexamethasone (Dex), a type of corticosteroid drug, and size distribution of the fabricated hydrogels were characterized.

Characterization of Gelatin/Gellan Gum/Glycol Chitosan Ternary Hydrogel for Retinal Pigment Epithelial Tissue Reconstruction Materials.

The cellular transplantation approach to treat damaged or diseased retina is limited because of poor survival, distribution, and integration of cells after implantation to the sub-retinal space. To overcome this, it is important to develop a cell delivery system. In this study, a ternary hydrogel of gelatin (Ge)/gellan gum (GG)/glycol chitosan (CS) is suggested as a cell carrier for retinal tissue engineering (TE).

Preparation and characterization of an injectable dexamethasone-cyclodextrin complexes-loaded gellan gum hydrogel for cartilage tissue engineering.

In this study, 6-(6-aminohexyl) amino-6-deoxy-β-cyclodextrin-gellan gum complex hydrogel (HCD-GG) was developed to enhance the affinity of anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone (Dx), improve chondrogenesis, and decrease the inflammatory response. The modified chemical structure was confirmed by NMR and FTIR. Mechanical and physicochemical properties were characterized by performing viscosity study, compression test, injection force test, swelling kinetic, weight loss, and morphological study.

Advanced gellan gum-based glycol chitosan hydrogel for cartilage tissue engineering biomaterial.

Gellan gum (GG), a nature-derived polysaccharide, is one of the materials widely used in cartilage tissue engineering (TE). Glycol chitosan (GC), a derivative of chitosan, is a water-soluble natural polymer that has excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability as well as cell adhesion. Herein, GG was physically blended with GC to enhance the mechanical properties and microenvironment of the GG to apply in cartilage TE.

Role of substantia nigra-amygdala connections in surprise-induced enhancement of attention.

Coding of prediction error by midbrain dopamine neurons has been examined extensively in the framework of associative learning theory. Most of this research has focused on the role of prediction error in determining the reinforcement value of unconditioned stimuli: poorly predicted ("surprising") outcomes are more effective reinforcers and produce a greater dopamine response than well predicted outcomes. However, surprise also enhances attention to cues that signal poorly predicted outcomes.