Factor V haemostatic diathesis impairing thrombin activation, membrane binding and circulating antigen level due to a novel compound heterozygous mutation, Leu1821Ser and Gly2192Cys.

Introduction: Congenital factor V (FV) deficiency is a rare clotting disorder affecting ∼1 in 1,000,000, with bleeding severity that ranges broadly for poorly understood reasons.

Aim: To help understand the molecular basis of the observed phenotype in FV deficient patients, the genetics and biochemistry causing a patient's FV deficiency were evaluated.

Methods And Results: A 71-year-old female, who had serious life-long bleeding upon provocation and profound menorrhagia that lead to hysterectomy, was found to have 3% of normal plasma FV antigen with normal electrophoretic mobility.

Self-Stigma and Mental Health in Divorced Single-Parent Women: Mediating Effect of Self-Esteem.

Numerous studies have addressed the issue of "self-stigma" among divorced single-parent women. However, there is a scarcity of quantitative data available on this subject. Moreover, while self-esteem is a crucial factor throughout life, it has been extensively studied in the context of "children" from single-parent families, but not from the perspective of parents themselves.

Effect of a ZrO Seed Layer on an HfZrO Ferroelectric Device Fabricated via Plasma Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition.

In this study, a ferroelectric layer was formed on a ferroelectric device via plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition. The device used 50 nm thick TiN as upper and lower electrodes, and an HfZrO (HZO) ferroelectric material was applied to fabricate a metal-ferroelectric-metal-type capacitor. HZO ferroelectric devices were fabricated in accordance with three principles to improve their ferroelectric properties.

Polymer-flooding produced water treatment using an electro-hybrid ozonation-coagulation system with novel cathode membranes targeting alternating filtration and in situ self-cleaning.

Polymer-flooding produced water is more difficult to treat for reinjection compared with normal produced water because of the presence of residual hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM). A novel cathode membrane integrated electro-hybrid ozonation-coagulation (CM-E-HOC) process was proposed for the treatment of polymer-flooding produced water. This process achieved in situ self-cleaning by generated microbubbles in the cathode membrane.

Removal effect of trihalomethanes (THMs) and halogenated acetic acids (HAAs) precursors in reclaimed water by polyaluminum chloride (PACl) coagulation.

This study analyzed the removal effect of various doses of polyaluminum chloride (PACI) on wastewater treatment plants at pH 7. The sewage plant's secondary effluent organic matter (EfOM) separates into four components: hydrophobic base (HOB), hydrophilic (HI), hydrophobic acid (HOA), and hydrophobic neutral (HON). The removal effect for various forms of organic waste is optimum at 16 mg/L and that halogenated acetic acids (HAAs) and trihalomethanes (THMs) are formed simultaneously.

Unraveling the over-oxidation inhibition mechanism during the hybrid ozonation-coagulation process: Immediate entrapment and complexation between intermediate organic matter and coagulants.

Pre-ozonation coagulation process had a very low and narrow range of ozone dosages for enhancing the dissolved organic matter (DOC) removal efficiency, in which over-oxidation may occur if the ozone dosage was not strictly controlled. In contrast, the proposed hybrid ozonation-coagulation (HOC) process with higher oxidation ability notably inhibited over-oxidation in this study, and exhibited improved DOC removal efficiency compared with coagulation at a much wider range of ozone dosages at different initial pH for the treatment of WWTP effluent. The HOC process also had a higher DOC removal efficiency than pre-ozonation coagulation.

Changes in the structural characteristics of EfOM during coagulation by aluminum chloride and the effect on the formation of disinfection byproducts.

The effects of coagulation on the removal efficiency of different fractions of effluent organic matter (EfOM) from wastewater treatment plants were investigated to identify changes in their structural characteristics and the influences on trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) and haloacetic acid formation potential (HAAFP). The results indicated that coagulation performed better for the removal of hydrophobic base (HOB) and hydrophobic neutral (HON) fractions than hydrophilic (HI) and hydrophobic acid (HOA) fractions. The removal efficiency was higher under neutral than under acidic conditions for all fractions.

Pharmacological Intervention Targeting FAF1 Restores Autophagic Flux for α-Synuclein Degradation in the Brain of a Parkinson's Disease Mouse Model.

α-Synuclein accumulation is implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Previously, we reported that Fas-associated factor 1 (FAF1), which plays a role in PD pathogenesis, potentiates α-synuclein accumulation through autophagy impairment in dopaminergic neurons. In this study, we show that KM-819, a FAF1-targeting compound, which has completed phase I clinical trials, interferes with α-synuclein accumulation in the mouse brain, as well as in human neuronal cells (SH-SY5Ys).

Enzyme Complexes of Ptr4CL and PtrHCT Modulate Co-enzyme A Ligation of Hydroxycinnamic Acids for Monolignol Biosynthesis in .

Co-enzyme A (CoA) ligation of hydroxycinnamic acids by 4-coumaric acid:CoA ligase (4CL) is a critical step in the biosynthesis of monolignols. Perturbation of 4CL activity significantly impacts the lignin content of diverse plant species. In , two well-studied xylem-specific Ptr4CLs (Ptr4CL3 and Ptr4CL5) catalyze the CoA ligation of 4-coumaric acid to 4-coumaroyl-CoA and caffeic acid to caffeoyl-CoA.

Common and rare variant analyses combined with single-cell multiomics reveal cell-type-specific molecular mechanisms of COVID-19 severity.

The determinants of severe COVID-19 in non-elderly adults are poorly understood, which limits opportunities for early intervention and treatment. Here we present novel machine learning frameworks for identifying common and rare disease-associated genetic variation, which outperform conventional approaches. By integrating single-cell multiomics profiling of human lungs to link genetic signals to cell-type-specific functions, we have discovered and validated over 1,000 risk genes underlying severe COVID-19 across 19 cell types.

Down-regulation of Fra a 1.02 in strawberry fruits causes transcriptomic and metabolic changes compatible with an altered defense response.

The strawberry Fra a 1 proteins belong to the class 10 Pathogenesis-Related (PR-10) superfamily. In strawberry, a large number of members have been identified, but only a limited number is expressed in the fruits. In this organ, Fra a 1.

Sulfonate Version of OHPAS Linker Has Two Distinct Pathways of Breakdown: Elimination Route Allows Para-Hydroxy-Protected Benzylsulfonate (PHP-BS) to Serve as an Alternative Self-Immolative Group.

Recently we have reported that the ortho-hydroxy-protected aryl sulfate (OHPAS) system can be exploited as a new self-immolative group (SIG) for phenolic payloads. We extended the system to nonphenolic payloads by simply introducing a para-hydroxy benzyl (PHB) spacer. As an additional variation of the system, we explored a benzylsulfonate version of the OHPAS system and found that it has two distinct breakdown pathways, cyclization and 1,4-elimination, the latter of which implies that para-hydroxy-protected (PHP) benzylsulfonate (BS) can also be used as an alternative SIG.

Preferential binding properties of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups with aluminium salts for humic acid removal.

To systematically elucidate the removal characteristics of humic acid (HA), which are highly dependent on the molecular structure of HA, a series of representative HA model compounds containing different numbers and positions of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups were selected, and the chemical reaction behaviour between HA and aluminium coagulants was investigated. The results indicated that the number of carboxyl groups in the benzene ring and binding environment had great effects on the Al-binding properties of HA molecules. Under weakly acidic conditions, coordination occurred between carboxyl and Al ions, and the complexing capacity was restricted by the substituted position of hydroxyl groups.

Tracking the reactivity of ozonation towards effluent organic matters from WWTP using two-dimensional correlation spectra.

The characteristics of effluent organic matter (EfOM) from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) during ozonation were investigated using excitation and emission matrix (EEM) spectra, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) at different ozone dosages. The selectivity of ozonation towards different constituents and functional groups was analysed using two-dimensional correlation spectra (2D-COS) probed by FT-IR, synchronous fluorescence spectra and HPSEC. The results indicated that ozonation can destroy aromatic structures of EfOM and change its molecular weight distribution (MWD).

Synergistic effects of various in situ hydrolyzed aluminum species for the removal of humic acid.

Due to the diversity of in situ hydrolyzed aluminum species and discrepancy in the binding sites of humic acid (HA), the mechanisms involved in HA removal were significantly different in inorganic particle removal. Based on the background, the coagulation behavior of in situ and performed hydrolyzed aluminum species for the removal of HA was investigated. For AlCl, the maximum HA removal reached at weak acidic conditions, where various in situ hydrolyzed Al species containing Al to Al cores with different amounts of water molecules were present.

Apolipoprotein A-IV binds αIIbβ3 integrin and inhibits thrombosis.

Platelet αIIbβ3 integrin and its ligands are essential for thrombosis and hemostasis, and play key roles in myocardial infarction and stroke. Here we show that apolipoprotein A-IV (apoA-IV) can be isolated from human blood plasma using platelet β3 integrin-coated beads. Binding of apoA-IV to platelets requires activation of αIIbβ3 integrin, and the direct apoA-IV-αIIbβ3 interaction can be detected using a single-molecule Biomembrane Force Probe.

Pinosylvin enhances leukemia cell death via down-regulation of AMPKα expression.

Resveratrol at high concentrations (50-100 μmol/L) is known to induce cell death in leukemia cells. Here, we investigated whether pinosylvin, a resveratrol analogue, induced cell death in leukemia cells. Cell death was found to be markedly elevated by 50- to 100-μmol/L pinosylvin in THP-1 and U937 cells.

Improving wood properties for wood utilization through multi-omics integration in lignin biosynthesis.

A multi-omics quantitative integrative analysis of lignin biosynthesis can advance the strategic engineering of wood for timber, pulp, and biofuels. Lignin is polymerized from three monomers (monolignols) produced by a grid-like pathway. The pathway in wood formation of Populus trichocarpa has at least 21 genes, encoding enzymes that mediate 37 reactions on 24 metabolites, leading to lignin and affecting wood properties.

Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopic analysis on the interaction between humic acids and aluminum coagulant.

In this study, two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy integrated with synchronous fluorescence and infrared absorption spectroscopy was employed to investigate the interaction between humic acids and aluminum coagulant at slightly acidic and neutral pH. Higher fluorescence quenching was produced for fulvic-like and humic-like fractions at pH5. At pH5, the humic-like fractions originating from the carboxylic acid, carboxyl and polysaccharide compounds were bound to aluminum first, followed by the fulvic-like fractions originating from the carboxyl and polysaccharide compounds.

Selective binding behavior of humic acid removal by aluminum coagulation.

The reactivity characteristics of humic acid (HA) with aluminium coagulants at different pH values was investigated. It revealed that the linear complexation reaction occurred between aluminum and humic acid at pH < 7, and the reaction rate increased as the pH increased from 2 to 6. While at pH = 7, most of the dosed aluminum existed in the form of free aluminum and remained unreacted in the presence of HA until the concentration reached to trigger Al(OH) formation.

[Distribution Characteristics of Methanogens in Urban Sewer System].

A study was conducted through a 1200 m-PVC-pipe-reactor, which was used to simulate the urban sewer system. Gas chromatography, liquid chromatography and 454 high-throughput sequencing were utilized to study the variation of substrates during the methanogenic process and the distribution characteristics of methanogens in the sewer system. The results showed that the concentration of methane increased along the sewer system, which illustrated that methanogens existed in the sewer network.

4-Coumaroyl and caffeoyl shikimic acids inhibit 4-coumaric acid:coenzyme A ligases and modulate metabolic flux for 3-hydroxylation in monolignol biosynthesis of Populus trichocarpa.

Downregulation of 4-coumaric acid:coenzyme A ligase (4CL) can reduce lignin content in a number of plant species. In lignin precursor (monolignol) biosynthesis during stem wood formation in Populus trichocarpa, two enzymes, Ptr4CL3 and Ptr4CL5, catalyze the coenzyme A (CoA) ligation of 4-coumaric acid to 4-coumaroyl-CoA and caffeic acid to caffeoyl-CoA. CoA ligation of 4-coumaric acid is essential for the 3-hydroxylation of 4-coumaroyl shikimic acid.

4-Coumaroyl and Caffeoyl Shikimic Acids Inhibit 4-Coumaric Acid: Coenzyme A Ligases and Modulate Metabolic Flux for 3-Hydroxylation in Monolignol Biosynthesis of Populus trichocarpa.

In a number of plant species, downregulation of 4-coumaric acid: coenzyme A ligase (4CL) can reduce lignin content. In lignin precursor (monolignol) biosynthesis during stem wood formation in Populus trichocarpa, two enzymes Ptr4CL3 and Ptr4CL5 catalyze the CoA ligation of 4-coumaric acid to 4-coumaroyl-CoA and caffeic acid to caffeoyl-CoA. CoA ligation of 4-coumaric acid is essential for the 3-hydroxylation of 4-coumaroyl shikimic acid.