Biomarkers.

Background: Normative percentile (NP) quantifies brain atrophy by comparing regional brain volumes of a subject against age and sex-matched cognitively normal populations. Accurate intracranial volume (ICV) adjustment is vital in NP quantification to minimize the effect of an individual's head size. However, which intracranial volume adjustment method yields reliable normative percentiles remains unclear.

Biomarkers.

Background: Clinical diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) can be challenging, requiring an accurate tool dedicated to this diagnostic hurdle. Since FTD exhibits distinct regional atrophy patterns on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), AI-aided automated brain volume analysis could enhance the clinical diagnostic assessment of FTD, including the detection of the disease and the classification of subtypes, which encompass behavioral variant (BV), semantic variant (SV), and progressive non-fluent aphasia (PNFA). In this study, we leverage automated brain volumetry software to approach both FTD detection and the differential diagnosis among its subtypes.

Biomarkers.

Background: Choroid plexus enlargement is implicated in the exacerbation of cognitive impairments characteristic of Alzheimer's dementia (AD). Manual volumetric assessment by radiologists, while accurate, is impractical for large-scale application due to its resource-intensive nature. We examine the use of automated brain volumetry software as an efficient and cost-effective alternative for quantifying choroid plexus volume.

Alzheimer's Imaging Consortium.

Background: Choroid plexus enlargement is implicated in the exacerbation of cognitive impairments characteristic of Alzheimer's dementia (AD). Manual volumetric assessment by radiologists, while accurate, is impractical for large-scale application due to its resource-intensive nature. We examine the use of automated brain volumetry software as an efficient and cost-effective alternative for quantifying choroid plexus volume.

Alzheimer's Imaging Consortium.

Background: Normative percentile (NP) quantifies brain atrophy by comparing regional brain volumes of a subject against age and sex-matched cognitively normal populations. Accurate intracranial volume (ICV) adjustment is vital in NP quantification to minimize the effect of an individual's head size. However, which intracranial volume adjustment method yields reliable normative percentiles remains unclear.

Alzheimer's Imaging Consortium.

Background: Clinical diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) can be challenging, requiring an accurate tool dedicated to this diagnostic hurdle. Since FTD exhibits distinct regional atrophy patterns on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), AI-aided automated brain volume analysis could enhance the clinical diagnostic assessment of FTD, including the detection of the disease and the classification of subtypes, which encompass behavioral variant (BV), semantic variant (SV), and progressive non-fluent aphasia (PNFA). In this study, we leverage automated brain volumetry software to approach both FTD detection and the differential diagnosis among its subtypes.

Age-associated interplay between zinc deficiency and Golgi stress hinders microtubule-dependent cellular signaling and epigenetic control.

Golgi abnormalities have been linked to aging and age-related diseases, yet the underlying causes and functional consequences remain poorly understood. This study identifies the interaction between age-associated zinc deficiency and Golgi stress as a critical factor in cellular aging. Senescent Golgi bodies from human fibroblasts show a fragmented Golgi structure, associated with a decreased interaction of the zinc-dependent Golgi-stacking protein complex Golgin45-GRASP55.

Mapping the Genetic Architecture of the Adaptive Integrated Stress Response in S. cerevisiae.

The integrated stress response (ISR) is a conserved eukaryotic signaling pathway that responds to diverse stress stimuli to restore proteostasis. The strength and speed of ISR activation must be tuned properly to allow protein synthesis while maintaining proteostasis. Here, we describe how genetic perturbations change the dynamics of the ISR in budding yeast.

Context-Aware Integrated Navigation System Based on Deep Learning for Seamless Localization.

An integrated navigation system is a promising solution to improve positioning performance by complementing estimated positioning in each sensor, such as a global positioning system (GPS), an inertial measurement unit (IMU), and an odometer sensor. However, under GPS-disabled environments, such as urban canyons or tunnels where the GPS signals are difficult to receive, the positioning performance of the integrated navigation system decreases. Therefore, deep learning-based integrated navigation systems have been proposed to ensure seamless localization under various positioning conditions.

Swelling Behavior of Acrylate-Based Photoresist Polymers Containing Cycloaliphatic Groups of Various Sizes.

Photoresist polymers containing cycloaliphatic acrylic monomers have been synthesized for use in the microcircuits of semiconductors. Although cycloaliphatic acrylic monomers exhibit a high etch resistance and excellent thermal properties, their large size increases the distance between the main chains of the resulting polymers. This increased distance facilitates the penetration of a developer between the main chains, which leads to swelling and thus pattern collapse, distortion, and delamination, thereby complicating the fabrication of microcircuits.

Knockout of Gene Encoding Cytosolic Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Affects Energy Metabolism in Rice Seeds.

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a major glycolytic enzyme that plays an important role in several cellular processes, including plant hormone signaling, plant development, and transcriptional regulation. In this study, we divided it into four groups through structural analysis of eight genes identified in the rice genome. Among them, the expression level of five genes of cytosolic was shown to be different for each organ.

Enhancing the Mechanical Strength of a Photocurable 3D Printing Material Using Potassium Titanate Additives for Craniofacial Applications.

Photopolymerization-based three-dimensional (3D) printing techniques such as stereolithography (SLA) attract considerable attention owing to their superior resolution, low cost, and relatively high printing speed. However, the lack of studies on improving the mechanical properties of 3D materials highlights the importance of delving deeper into additive manufacturing research. These materials possess considerable potential in the medical field, particularly for applications such as anatomical models, medical devices, and implants.

Exploring the impact of methylation aging on acute myeloid leukemia: Insights from the aging clock.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is more commonly diagnosed in adults. Though there are considerable knowledge about the relationship between adult leukemia and aging, it is rarely studies in children as the occurrence of the disease is rare. Additionally, adult and pediatric AML are known to have different etiology.

Polydeoxyribonucleotide ameliorates IL-1β-induced impairment of chondrogenic differentiation in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of the joints, prevalent worldwide. Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) is used for treating knee OA. However, the role of PDRN in IL-1β-induced inflammatory responses in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) remains unknown.

In vitro and in silico assessment of cytotoxicity of dinitramine via calcium dysregulation and mitochondrial dysfunction in bovine mammary glands.

The herbicide market is expanding rapidly due to the global increase in herbicide usage. Dairy cows are susceptible to herbicide exposure through the ingestion of contaminated plants, which can adversely affect the mammary gland health and reduce milk production. Dinitramine, a synthetic herbicide in the dinitroaniline family, is typically used to control weeds by inhibiting their sprouting and root development.

Efficacy of a single 5 mg zoledronic acid infusion in preventing bone loss and fracture in postmenopausal women with breast cancer.

Introduction: Chemotherapy-induced bone loss (CTIBL) is common among breast cancer patients, requiring comprehensive assessment and intervention. Zoledronic acid, a strong inhibitor of bone resorption, is effective in CTIBL management, though information on dosing and intervals, particularly the efficacy of the 5 mg annual dose for osteoporosis in breast cancer patients, is limited.

Materials And Methods: In this 12-month prospective observational study, 85 breast cancer patients were divided into three groups: 17 received no treatment, 17 received tamoxifen, and 51 received anastrozole or letrozole (AI).