LM-1 Affects Multiple Cell Biological Processes in to Suppress Rice Blast.

, one of the most destructive rice pathogens, causes significant losses during the rice harvest every year. has been explored in many crops as a potential biocontrol agent. However, the mechanisms of controled rice blast are not fully understood.

Global Prevalence of Preexisting Antibodies against Human Adenoviruses, Surveyed from 1962 to 2021.

Background: Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are extensively used as vectors for vaccines development and cancer therapy. People who already have antibodies against HAdVs, on the other hand, would have an impact on the preventative or therapeutic effect. This review focuses primarily on the prevalence of pre-existing antibodies against HAdVs in distinct geographical populations.

A new method for accurate calculation of case fatality rates during a pandemic: Mathematical deduction based on population-level big data.

Background: During the course of an epidemic of a potentially fatal disease, it is difficult to accurately estimate the case fatality rate (CFR) because many calculation methods do not account for the delay between case confirmation and disease outcome. Taking the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) as an example, this study aimed to develop a new method for CFR calculation while the pandemic was ongoing.

Methods: We developed a new method for CFR calculation based on the following formula: number of deaths divided by the number of cases T days before, where T is the average delay between case confirmation and disease outcome.

Identification and fine-mapping of Xo2, a novel rice bacterial leaf streak resistance gene.

A novel rice resistance gene, Xo2, influencing pathogenesis of the bacterial leaf streak disease, has been identified, and candidate genes for Xo2 in the fine mapping region have been shown to be involved in bacterial leaf streak resistance. Rice (Oryza sativa) bacterial leaf streak, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc), is one of the most serious rice bacterial diseases.

Xa7, a Small Orphan Gene Harboring Promoter Trap for AvrXa7, Leads to the Durable Resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae Pv. oryzae.

Background: The rice (Oryza sativa) gene Xa7 has been hypothesized to be a typical executor resistance gene against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), and has conferred durable resistance in the field for decades. Its identity and the molecular mechanisms underlying this resistance remain elusive.

The effect of native silk fibroin powder on the physical properties and biocompatibility of biomedical polyurethane membrane.

Naturally derived fibers such as silk fibroin can potentially enhance the biocompatibility of currently used biomaterials. This study investigated the physical properties of native silk fibroin powder and its effect on the biocompatibility of biomedical polyurethane. Native silk fibroin powder with an average diameter of 3 µm was prepared on a purpose-built machine.

Induction of influenza type A virus-specific resistance by immunization of mice with a synthetic multiple antigenic peptide vaccine that contains ectodomains of matrix protein 2.

Matix protein 2 (M2) is a transmembrane protein of influenza type A virus. It contains a 23 aa long ectodomain (M2e) that is highly conserved amongst human influenza type A viruses. M2e-specific antibodies have been shown to restrict virus growth in vitro and in vivo and thus have the potential of providing cross-reactive resistance to influenza type A virus infection.