Effects of early propranolol administration on mortality from severe, traumatic brain injury: a retrospective propensity score-matched registry study.

Background: The role of beta-blockers in severe, traumatic brain injury (TBI) management is debated. Severe TBI may elicit a surge of catecholamines, which has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality. We hypothesize administering propranolol, a non-selective beta-blocker, within 48 h of TBI will reduce patient mortality within 30 days of injury.

Adding "Unlikely" as a Clinical Qualifier Is Unlikely to Be of Help: A Retrospective, Single-Center, Cross-Sectional Cohort Study.

Clinical correlation is essential to accurate and efficient diagnosis and differential diagnosis in dermatopathology. Poor-quality clinical information can lead to failures and delays in patient care. Some clinicians use the term "unlikely" when submitting a specimen.

Exploring the Ramifications of Delayed Hospital Discharges: Impacts on Patients, Physicians, and Healthcare Systems.

Prolonged hospital stays can significantly impede patients' recovery, negatively affecting anything from physical health via issues like hospital-acquired infections and increased complications due to immobility to psychological health. Several studies investigated the psychosocial impact of prolonged hospital stays, revealing a variety of patient perspectives, such as feeling uncertain and frustrated about their conditions, which can erode their trust in healthcare providers. Delayed discharges not only affect patients but also have multifaceted effects on healthcare providers, potentially reducing physician efficiency and contributing to higher rates of burnout among healthcare professionals.

Effects of Preoperative Glucocorticoid Use on Patients Undergoing Single-Level Lumbar Fusions: A Retrospective Propensity Score-Matched Registry Study.

Objective Spinal fusions are gaining popularity as a means of treating spinal deformity and instability from a range of pathologies. The prevalence of glucocorticoid use has also increased in recent decades, and their systemic effects are well-documented. Although commonly used in the preoperative period, the effects of steroids on outcomes among patients undergoing spinal fusions are inadequately described.

Non-volatile reconfigurable spin logic functions in a two-channel Hall bar by spin-orbit torque-based magnetic domains and directional read current.

A long-standing goal of CMOS-based logic devices is to meet the needs of key markets, including ultralow-power operation and high operation speed, along with the continuing miniaturization of the architecture. However, despite significant progress in their development, conventional CMOS-based devices still suffer from drawbacks such as introducing large unintended leakage currents and volatile behavior. Thus, reconfigurable logic gates based on magnetic domain (MD) have emerged as a highly promising option because they offer fast operation speeds, nonvolatility, and diverse logic functions in a single-device configuration.

Near-real-time global gridded daily CO2 emissions 2021.

We present a near-real-time global gridded daily CO emissions dataset (GRACED) throughout 2021. GRACED provides gridded CO emissions at a 0.1° × 0.

Simple Ge/Si bilayer junction-based doping-less tunnel field-effect transistor.

Tunnel field-effect transistors (TFETs) have garnered great interest as an option for the replacement of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors owing to their extremely low off-current and fast switching suitable for low-power-consumption applications. However, conventional doped TFETs have the disadvantage of introducing undesirable random dopant fluctuation (RDF) events, which cause a large variance in the threshold voltage and ambipolar leakage current at negative gate voltages. In this study, a simple approach for charge plasma-based doping-less TFETs (DL-TFETs), including the Ge/Si bilayer frame, which affects the RDF and low on-current issues, was developed by the commercially available Silvaco Atlas device simulator.

Up-regulation of CPNE1 Appears to Enhance Cancer Progression in HER2-positive and Luminal A Breast Cancer Cells.

Background/aim: Copine 1 (CPNE1) is a calciumdependent phospholipid protein that has been shown to regulate the AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT) signaling pathway to mediate its function in various cell types. However, little is known about the physiological function of this protein in breast cancer cells. We aimed to investigate the prognostic and therapeutic value of CPNE1 in erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 [human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)]-positive and luminal A subtypes of breast cancer.

SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induces cognitive deficit and anxiety-like behavior in mouse via non-cell autonomous hippocampal neuronal death.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is accompanied by chronic neurological sequelae such as cognitive decline and mood disorder, but the underlying mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. We explored the possibility that the brain-infiltrating SARS-CoV-2 spike protein contributes to the development of neurological symptoms observed in COVID-19 patients in this study. Our behavioral study showed that administration of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 subunit (S1 protein) to mouse hippocampus induced cognitive deficit and anxiety-like behavior in vivo.

Methylammonium Compensation Effects in MAPbI Perovskite Solar Cells for High-Quality Inorganic CuSCN Hole Transport Layers.

Recent studies have demonstrated that copper (I) thiocyanate (CuSCN) has huge potential as a hole extraction material (HEM) for perovskite solar cells. Here, we used CuSCN as a HEM and analyzed its relationships with a methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI) perovskite layer. The CuSCN dissolved in diethyl sulfide (DES) was spin-coated on the MAPbI layer.

Astrocytes Render Memory Flexible by Releasing D-Serine and Regulating NMDA Receptor Tone in the Hippocampus.

Background: NMDA receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction has been implicated in several psychiatric disorders with impairment of cognitive flexibility. However, the molecular mechanism of how NMDAR hypofunction with decreased NMDAR tone causes the impairment of cognitive flexibility has been minimally understood. Furthermore, it has been unclear whether hippocampal astrocytes regulate NMDAR tone and cognitive flexibility.

NFAT5 Deficiency Alleviates Formalin-Induced Inflammatory Pain Through mTOR.

Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT5) is a well-known transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes involved in osmotic stress. However, the role of NFAT5 in inflammatory pain remains unknown. Here, we studied the function of NFAT5 in inflammatory pain using NFAT5-heterozygous (Het) mice.

TAP2, a peptide antagonist of Toll-like receptor 4, attenuates pain and cartilage degradation in a monoiodoacetate-induced arthritis rat model.

Because inflammation in osteoarthritis (OA) is related to the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling cascades, TLR4 is a reasonable target for developing therapeutics for OA. Thus, we investigated whether TAP2, a peptide antagonist of TLR4, reduces the monoiodoacetate (MIA)-induced arthritic pain and cartilage degradation in rats. TLR4 expression of human OA chondrocytes and synoviocytes and the knee joint tissue of MIA-induced arthritis were evaluated.

Bidirectional-nonlinear threshold switching behaviors and thermally robust stability of ZnTe selectors by nitrogen annealing.

Three-dimensional stackable memory frames involving the integration of two-terminal scalable crossbar arrays are expected to meet the demand for high-density memory storage, fast switching speed, and ultra-low power operation. However, two-terminal crossbar arrays introduce an unintended sneak path, which inevitably requires bidirectional nonlinear selectors. In this study, the advanced threshold switching (TS) features of ZnTe chalcogenide material-based selectors provide bidirectional threshold switching behavior, nonlinearity of 10, switching speed of less than 100 ns, and switching endurance of more than 10.

Extracorporeal shockwave therapy enhances peripheral nerve remyelination and gait function in a crush model.

Background: Conservative treatment, such as electrical stimulation and steroid injection, have been employed in an attempt to improve symptoms after peripheral nerve injury, without significant success. Although non-invasive and safe extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) can be a practical alternative, the therapeutic effects of ESWT on peripheral nerve remyelination has not been established.

Objectives: To investigate the effects of ESWT on peripheral nerve remyelination and gait function for 5 weeks in a sciatic nerve crush model.

The Relationship Benefits of Auto Maintenance and Repair Service: A Case Study of Korea.

This study aimed to empirically examine what effects confidence, social, and economic benefit factors have on continuous relationship orientation through the mediation of service trust, service satisfaction, and customer engagement factors in the auto maintenance and repair service sector. This study carried out a questionnaire survey with 319 customers using auto maintenance and repair service and verified hypotheses. As a result of the analysis, the confidence and social benefits of auto maintenance and repair service affected service trust, while the confidence and economic benefits affected service satisfaction.

p66shc siRNA Nanoparticles Ameliorate Chondrocytic Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Osteoarthritis.

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common type of joint disease associated with cartilage breakdown. However, the role played by mitochondrial dysfunction in OA remains inadequately understood. Therefore, we investigated the role played by p66shc during oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in OA and the effects of p66shc downregulation on OA progression.

Suppresses Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of U87MG Cells by Downregulating Cyclin B1, Phospho-AKT, and Metalloproteinase-9.

Several studies have shown that brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like 1 (BMAL1), an important molecule for maintaining circadian rhythms, inhibits the growth and metastasis of tumor cells in several types of cancer, including lung, colon, and breast cancer. However, its role in glioblastoma has not yet been established. Here, we addressed the function of BMAL1 in U87MG glioblastoma cells with two approaches-loss and gain of function.

Development and Validation of a Short-Form Internet Overuse Screening Questionnaire for Adults.

Aims: The aim of the current study was to develop and validate a short-form of the internet overuse screening questionnaire (IOS-Qs).

Methods: A total of 571 adults were recruited from a representative, stratified, and multistage cluster sample. Among participants, 188 and 383 were used in the development and validation of the IOS-Qs, respectively.

Arginase 2 Deficiency Promotes Neuroinflammation and Pain Behaviors Following Nerve Injury in Mice.

Microglia, the resident macrophages, act as the first and main form of active immune defense in the central nervous system. Arginase 2 (Arg2) is an enzyme involved in L-arginine metabolism and is expressed in macrophages and nervous tissue. In this study, we determined whether the absence of Arg2 plays a beneficial or detrimental role in the neuroinflammatory process.

Bidirectional Selector Utilizing Hybrid Diodes for PCRAM Applications.

Three-dimensional crossbar technology has been of great significance for realizing high density and multiple terabytes of data storage in memory devices. However, to further scale down the size of memory devices, a selector exhibiting nonlinear electrical properties should be in series with a memory layer in case of unwanted sneak current disturbance. Conventional selectors usually utilize a complicated multilayer structure to realize the high nonlinearity of current, which might be incompatible with certain manufacturing processes or limit the scalability of memory.