Ancestral genome reconstruction and the evolution of chromosomal rearrangements in Triticeae.

Chromosomal rearrangements (CRs) often cause phenotypic variations. Although several major rearrangements have been identified in Triticeae, a comprehensive study of the order, timing, and breakpoints of CRs has not been conducted. Here, we reconstruct high-quality ancestral genomes for the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of the Triticeae, and the MRCA of the wheat lineage (Triticum and Aegilops).

Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the critical role of alternative splicing in cattle testicular spermatagonia.

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) form haploid gametes through the precisely regulated process of spermatogenesis. Within the testis, SSCs undergo self-renewal through mitosis, differentiation, and then enter meiosis to generate mature spermatids. This study utilized single-cell RNA sequencing on 26,888 testicular cells obtained from five Holstein bull testes, revealing the presence of five distinct germ cell types and eight somatic cell types in cattle testes.

Critical factors influencing cost estimators' judgements on cost contingencies in highway construction projects: An empirical study in the UK.

Unforeseen additional costs are major sources of cost overruns for the UK's highway projects. General contractors normally allocate cost contingencies in their tender prices to cover these costs, primarily based on the judgements of their cost estimators. However, cost contingencies allocated to the same risk by different cost estimators can vary significantly.

Structural and physicochemical properties of corn starch modified by phosphorylase b, hexokinase and alkaline phosphatase.

To improve the functional properties of corn starch, phosphorylase b (PB), hexokinase (HK), and alkaline phosphatase (AP) were used to produce enzyme-modified starches (PBMS, HKMS, and APMS). The results showed that enzyme-modified starches had different phosphorus contents and degrees of substitution. The presence of PO bonds and P-O-C bonds further demonstrated that phosphate groups were grafted into starch.

Exploration on antifreeze potential of thawed drip enzymatic hydrolysates on myofibrillar proteins in pork patties during freeze-thaw cycles.

This study explored using small molecular weight hydrolysates from enzymolyzed thawed drip as cryoprotectants to preserve myofibrillar protein quality in pork patties during freeze-thaw cycles. Hydrolysates were added at 0.36 %, 0.

Tankyrase inhibitor IWR-1 modulates HIPPO and Transforming Growth Factor β signaling in primed bovine embryonic stem cells cultured on mouse embryonic fibroblasts.

The use of tankyrase inhibitors is essential for capturing livestock embryonic stem cells (ESC), yet their mechanisms of action remain largely uncharacterized. Previous studies indicate that their roles extend beyond the suppression of canonical WNT signaling. This study investigates the effects of the tankyrase inhibitor IWR-1 on maintaining the pluripotency of bovine embryonic stem cells (bESC) cultured on mitotically inactivated mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF).

Efficient activation of peracetic acid by defect-engineered MoO: Oxygen vacancies and surface Mo(Ⅴ)-mediated electron transfer processes.

The role of defect regulation of transition metal catalysts in peracetic acid (PAA) activation is equivocal. To reveal the corresponding mechanism, this work provides a high-efficiency and eco-friendly catalyst (MoO) for PAA activation by introducing various degrees of oxygen vacancies on the MoO surface. Interestingly, 95.

Effects of different ratios of glycerol to erythritol on the structure and properties of starch straws during long term storage.

To explore starch straws with low water absorption rate (WAR) and not prone to brittleness during long term storage. Glycerol and erythritol were used as composite plasticizers to explore their effects on the structure of starch straws. The results showed that G:E (60:40) had the lowest bending force (Fb = 12.

LncRNA HULIB promotes LPS induced inflammatory response in bovine mammary epithelial cells via PP2AB.

Bovine mastitis is regulated by genetic and environmental factors. Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs), which regulate various biological processes (immune system and biological development), have been found to play a role in bovine mammary inflammation responses. Here, a novel functional lncRNA, named lncRNA HULIB, was identified as a regulator during bovine mastitis.

Intestinal-Targeted Digestion of Heme Chloride by Forming Inclusion Complexes In Vitro.

Hemin, a heme-like compound with significant biological activity, shows promise as an iron supplement for humans. Nonetheless, its poor solubility in water greatly impedes its absorption and utilization. To surmount this obstacle, researchers have chosen various cyclodextrins with distinct cavity sizes and derivative groups to act as hosts, forming inclusion complexes with hemin chloride.

Hybrid Liposome-MSN System with Co-Delivering Potential Effective Against Multidrug-Resistant Tumor Targets in Mice Model.

Introduction: RNA interference (RNAi) stands as a widely employed gene interference technology, with small interfering RNA (siRNA) emerging as a promising tool for cancer treatment. However, the inherent limitations of siRNA, such as easy degradation and low bioavailability, hamper its efficacy in cancer therapy. To address these challenges, this study focused on the development of a nanocarrier system (HLM-N@DOX/R) capable of delivering both siRNA and doxorubicin for the treatment of breast cancer.

Identification of the molecular link: STAT3 is a shared key gene linking postmenopausal osteoporosis and sarcopenia.

Aims: This study explored the shared genetic traits and molecular interactions between postmenopausal osteoporosis (POMP) and sarcopenia, both of which substantially degrade elderly health and quality of life. We hypothesized that these motor system diseases overlap in pathophysiology and regulatory mechanisms.

Methods: We analyzed microarray data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), machine learning, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis to identify common genetic factors between POMP and sarcopenia.

Hexokinase HK3-mediated O-GlcNAcylation of EP300: a key regulator of PD-L1 expression and immune evasion in ccRCC.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) demonstrates enhanced glycolysis, critically contributing to tumor development. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) aids tumor cells in evading T-cell-mediated immune surveillance. Yet, the specific mechanism by which glycolysis influences PD-L1 expression in ccRCC is not fully understood.

A case report: Treatment of a patient with ruptured middle cerebral aneurysm in the second trimester of pregnancy.

Background: To summarize the clinical experience of intracranial aneurysm clipping in the treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms in the second trimester of pregnancy.

Methods: A case of ruptured middle cerebral aneurysm in the second trimester of pregnancy was reported. Craniotomy and aneurysm clipping were performed at 24 weeks of pregnancy, and fetal preservation was continued after the operation.

Biological characteristics of tissue engineered-nerve grafts enhancing peripheral nerve regeneration.

Background: A favorable regenerative microenvironment is essential for peripheral nerve regeneration. Neural tissue-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) is a natural material that helps direct cell behavior and promote axon regeneration. Both bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) transplantation are effective in repairing peripheral nerve injury (PNI).

Neurotoxicity from long-term exposure to 6-PPDQ: Recent advances.

The recent acceleration of industrialization and urbanization has brought significant attention to N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine quinone (6-PPDQ), an emerging environmental pollutant from tire wear, due to its long-term effects on the environment and organisms. Recent studies suggest that 6-PPDQ can disrupt neurotransmitter synthesis and release, impact receptor function, and alter signaling pathways, potentially causing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. This review investigates the potential neurotoxic effects of prolonged 6-PPDQ exposure, the mechanisms underlying its cytotoxicity, and the associated health risks.

Children's Iodine Intake from Dairy Products and Related Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study in Two Provinces of China.

Dairy products are a significant source of iodine, and their contribution to iodine intake must be evaluated regularly. However, there is a lack of data on iodine intake from dairy products in China. Through a cross-sectional study, we determined the iodine content of dairy products in the Chinese diet and estimated iodine intake among Chinese children.

ImmRNA: a database of RNAs associated with tumor immunity.

The relationship between different ribonucleic acids (RNAs) and tumor immunity has been widely investigated. However, a systematic description of tumor immune-related RNAs in different tumors is still lacking. We collected the relationship of tumor immune-related RNAs from the published literature and presented them in a user-friendly interface, "ImmRNA" (http://www.

Prediction and Interpretation Microglia Cytotoxicity by Machine Learning.

Ameliorating microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is a crucial strategy in developing new drugs for neurodegenerative diseases. Plant compounds are an important screening target for the discovery of drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. However, due to the spatial complexity of phytochemicals, it becomes particularly important to evaluate the effectiveness of compounds while avoiding the mixing of cytotoxic substances in the early stages of compound screening.