Autophagy in brain tumors: molecular mechanisms, challenges, and therapeutic opportunities.

Autophagy is responsible for maintaining cellular balance and ensuring survival. Autophagy plays a crucial role in the development of diseases, particularly human cancers, with actions that can either promote survival or induce cell death. However, brain tumors contribute to high levels of both mortality and morbidity globally, with resistance to treatments being acquired due to genetic mutations and dysregulation of molecular mechanisms, among other factors.

Polymorphisms of B-lymphocyte-associated genes CD20 and FCRL5 are associated with susceptibility to autoimmune thyroid diseases.

Background: Recent studies have confirmed that B cell-related genes CD20 and FCRL5 may be involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs). However, there is a lack of comprehensive genetic susceptibility studies on this subject.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of CD20 and FCRL5 gene polymorphisms with AITD susceptibility.

Multi-Shell Nanourchin-Integrated Dual Mode Lateral Flow Immunoassay for Sensitive and Rapid Detection of Clinical Cardiac Myosin-Binding Protein C.

Cardiac myosin-binding protein C (cMyBP-C) is a novel cardiac marker of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and acute cardiac injuries (ACI). Construction of point-of-care testing techniques capable of sensing cMyBP-C with high sensitivity and precision is urgently needed. Herein, we synthesized an Au@NGQDs@Au/Ag multi-shell nanoUrchins (MSNUs), and then applied it in a colorimetric/SERS dual-mode immunoassay for detection of cMyBP-C.

Complete mitochondrial genome of Melia azedarach L., reveals two conformations generated by the repeat sequence mediated recombination.

Melia azedarach is a species of enormous value of pharmaceutical industries. Although the chloroplast genome of M. azedarach has been explored, the information of mitochondrial genome (Mt genome) remains surprisingly limited.

Identification and Pathogenicity of Pestalotioid Species on in Hainan Province, China.

is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant with a medicinal history of more than 1700 years. Ring leaf blight (RLB) disease, caused by pestalotioid species, is an important disease of , seriously affecting the yield and quality of its fruits. The causal agent of RLB disease has not been systematically identified or characterized yet.

16S rRNA Gene Sequencing of Gut Microbiota in Rheumatoid Arthritis Treated with 99Tc-MDP.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disease with the main symptoms being joint swelling and pain. In severe cases, joint deformity or even complete loss of function occurs. Technetium methylene diphosphonate (99Tc-MDP) is widely used for RA treatment in China, but there are no studies on the effects of 99Tc-MDP on intestinal flora.

Increased interleukin-9 and Th9 cells in patients with refractory Graves' disease and interleukin-9 polymorphisms are associated with autoimmune thyroid diseases.

Introduction: Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) are prevalent disorders, primarily encompassing Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). Despite their common occurrence, the etiology of AITDs remains elusive. Th9 cells, a new subset of CD4+T cells with immunomodulatory properties, have been linked to the development of various autoimmune diseases.

The complete mitochondrial genome of , insights into its genomic structure and RNA editing sites.

, native to Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hainan provinces in China, has long been utilized as an herbal remedy in ancient China. In this study, we assembled and annotated the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of , which spans a total length of 537,321 bp. Conformation of the recombination was verified through PCR experiments and Sanger sequencing.

Comparison of the surgical outcomes of the posterior approach, video-assisted thoracic surgery, and combined approach for thoracic dumbbell tumors based on a new classification: a retrospective study.

The appropriate surgical treatment strategy was based on the regions of tumor invasion. There is no classification to aid the surgeon in selection. A retrospective study of the clinical data of patients who underwent resection of thoracic dumbbell tumors at the Neurosurgery and Thoracic Surgery Department of Hospital between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2021 was conducted.

Effects of altitude on thyroid disorders according to Chinese three-rung, ladder-like topography: national cross-sectional study.

Background: Chinese topography appears a three-rung ladder-like distribution of decreasing elevation from northwest to southeast, which is divided by two sloping edges. Previous studies have reported that prevalence of thyroid diseases differed by altitude, and geographical factors were associated with thyroid disorders. To explore the association between three-rung ladder-like regions and thyroid disorders according to unique Chinese topographic features, we conducted an epidemiological cross-sectional study from 2015-2017 that covered all 31 mainland Chinese provinces.

(5R)-5-hydroxytriptolide ameliorates diabetic kidney damage by inhibiting macrophage infiltration and its cross-talk with renal resident cells.

Objective: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the main cause of end-stage renal disease, and there are no targeted treatment options at present. The efficacy of the new immunosuppressive drug (5R)-5-hydroxytriptolide (LLDT8) in improving kidney inflammation has been demonstrated in multiple studies. The present study was intended to investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of LLDT8 on DN and to reveal its potential pharmacological mechanisms.

Emerging Insights and Global Trends in the Relationship between Selenium and Thyroid Diseases: A Bibliometric Analysis.

Objective: Selenium, a significant trace element needed by the human body, is closely related to thyroid. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the status of selenium and thyroid diseases, analyze emerging insights, and predict future trends.

Methods: Literature on selenium and thyroid included in the core database of Web of Science from January 1992 to October 2022 was retrieved.

Shared biomarkers of multi-tissue origin for primary Sjogren's syndrome and their importance in immune microenvironment alterations.

With the recent advancement in omics and molecular techniques, a wealth of new molecular biomarkers have become available for the diagnosis and classification of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) patients. However, whether these biomarkers are universal is of great interest to us. In this study, we used various methods to obtain shared biomarkers derived from multiple tissue in pSS patients and to explore their relationship with immune microenvironment alterations.

Impact Ionization Coefficient Prediction of a Lateral Power Device Using Deep Neural Network.

Nowadays, the impact ionization coefficient in the avalanche breakdown theory is obtained using 1-D PN junctions or SBDs, and is considered to be a constant determined by the material itself only. In this paper, the impact ionization coefficient of silicon in a 2D lateral power device is found to be no longer a constant, but instead a function of the 2D coupling effects. The impact ionization coefficient of silicon that considers the 2D depletion effects in real-world devices is proposed and extracted in this paper.

CONGO²: Scalable Online Anomaly Detection and Localization in Power Electronics Networks.

Rapid and accurate detection and localization of electronic disturbances simultaneously are important for preventing its potential damages and determining potential remedies. Existing anomaly detection methods are severely limited by the low accuracy, the expensive computational cost and the need for highly trained personnel. There is an urgent need for a scalable online algorithm for in-field analysis of large-scale power electronics networks.

Elevated Expression and Activation of GPR15 in Immune Cells in Graves' Disease.

GPR15 plays an important role in lymphocyte homing and is a key immune molecule to maintain organ immune homeostasis. Yet, no study on the association between GPR15 and Graves' disease (GD) is available. In this study, we systematically investigated the expression of GPR15 in different types of immune cells and different tissues of GD patients.

Saikosaponin-d Attenuates Hashimoto's Thyroiditis by Regulating Macrophage Polarization.

Objective: Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is one of the most common clinical autoimmune diseases. Recent studies have found that HT pathogenesis is associated with macrophage polarization. Saikosaponin-d (SSd) is an active component in the Chinese medicine Bupleurum, which has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects.

Hydroxychloroquine use reduces mortality risk in systemic lupus erythematosus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.

Objective: Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is widely used in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but its effects on the mortality have not reached a definite conclusion. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to assess whether HCQ use could reduce the risk of mortality in SLE patients.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane database were searched from inception to April 17, 2022 without language restrictions to explore the relationship between HCQ use and SLE mortality.

High iodine promotes autoimmune thyroid disease by activating hexokinase 3 and inducing polarization of macrophages towards M1.

Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), the most common autoimmune disease, includes Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). Currently, the pathogenesis of AITD is not fully understood. Our study aimed to examine the presence of macrophage polarization imbalance in AITD patients, to investigate whether high iodine can cause macrophage polarization imbalance, and to investigate the role of key genes of metabolic reprogramming in macrophage polarization imbalance caused by high iodine.

MBL2 polymorphism may be a protective factor of autoimmune thyroid disease susceptibility.

Genetic susceptibility is an essential pathogenetic mechanism in autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). MBL2 gene polymorphisms have been shown to play a vital role in the pathogenesis of multiple autoimmune disorders, but its contribution to AITD is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the linkage between MBL2 gene polymorphisms and AITD susceptibility in a Chinese Han population.

HLA-DRA Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated with Graves' Disease as an Autoimmune Thyroid Disease.

Background: Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), one of the most prevalent organ-specific autoimmune diseases, mainly includes Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). This study was aimed at researching the association between AITD and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the HLA-DRA gene.

Methods: Using Hi-SNP high-throughput sequencing technology, we detected the distribution of three SNPs (rs3177928, rs7197, and rs3129878) of HLA-DRA genotypes in 1033 AITD patients (634 GD and 399 HT ones) and 791 healthy volunteers in Chinese Han Population.

Association of 55 Gene Polymorphism with HT: A Protective Factor for Disease Susceptibility.

Purpose: Recent studies have shown that Ankyrin Repeat Domain 55 () gene polymorphism is a risk factor for multiple autoimmune diseases, but its association with autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential relationship between polymorphism of the gene and AITDs.

Methods: For this study, we enrolled 2050 subjects, consisting of 1220 patients with AITD and 830 healthy subjects.

The Relationship between VEGFC Gene Polymorphisms and Autoimmune Thyroiditis.

Background: Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs), representative autoimmune diseases, mainly consist of Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). In this passage, we investigated the association between vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC) gene polymorphisms and AITDs.

Methods: A total of 1084 patients with AITDs and 794 healthy controls were tested for VEGFC gene genotypes in four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by high-throughput sequencing, and the correlation between VEGFC gene polymorphisms and AITDs was statistically analyzed.