Evaluation of Renal Impairment in Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease by Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine.

Objective: To investigate the factors related to renal impairment in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) from the perspective of integrated Chinese and Western medicine.

Methods: Totally 492 patients with DKD in 8 Chinese hospitals from October 2017 to July 2019 were included. According to Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) staging guidelines, patients were divided into a chronic kidney disease (CKD) 1-3 group and a CKD 4-5 group.

The Correlation Between Olfactory Test and Hippocampal Volume in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment Patients: A Meta-Analysis.

Previous studies have reported that olfactory identification deficits may be the earliest clinical features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the association between odor identification and hippocampal atrophy remains unclear. This meta-analysis quantified the correlation between odor identification test scores and hippocampal volume in AD.

Sequential Therapy Based on Evolvement of Patterns: A New Model for Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.

In order to solve the problem of long-term (>9 months) efficacy in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by conventional therapy (CT), a staged and multiply-targeted sequential therapy based on the evolvement of patterns (STEP) was developed. Its main innovations include: (1) the time order of evolution of patterns defined by Chinese medicine (CM) in AD was found, that is, "the orderly pattern evolution starting from Shen (Kidney) deficiency, progressing to phlegm, stasis and fire, and worsening to severe toxin as well as functional collapse"; (2) the cascade hypothesis of Shen deficiency in AD and its sequential therapy based on Shen-reinforcing was proposed, that is, "reinforcing Shen in the early stage and throughout the whole process, resolving phlegm, activating blood and purging fire in the middle stage, detoxifying and replenishing vitality to stop the collapse in the advanced stage", and through meta-analysis, clinical drug use was optimized, thus the leap from "inferential selection" to "evidence-based selection" was realized; (3) the STEP regimen combined with CT maintained cognitive and behavioral stability in AD patients for at least 12 months, with cognitive enhancement and behavioral synergy after 9 months, and cognitive benefit was superior to CT at 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 months, respectively. The 2-year cognitive improvement rate was increased by 25.

Effect of GAPT extract on expression of tau protein and its phosphorylation related enzymes in hippocampal neurons of APPV717I transgenic mice.

Objective: To investigate the effect of GAPT, an extract mixture from Radix Ginseng, Rhizoma Acor tatarinowii, Radix Polygalae and Radix Curcuma (containing ingredient of turmeric), etc. on expression of tau protein and its phosphorylation related enzyme in hippocampal neurons of APPV717I transgenic mice.

Methods: Sixty three-month-old APPV717I transgenic mice were randomly divided into model group, donepezil group [0.

Curcumin ameliorates insulin signalling pathway in brain of Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice.

Deficits in glucose, impaired insulin signalling and brain insulin resistance are common in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD); therefore, some scholars even called AD type 3 diabetes mellitus. Curcumin can reduce the amyloid pathology in AD. Moreover, it is a well-known fact that curcumin has anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

[Treatment of vascular dementia by Chinese herbal medicine: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials of clinical studies].

Objective: Chinese herbal medicine has been extensively used in the treatment of vascular dementia (VaD), but lacked systematic review on its efficacy and safety. So we conducted a systematic review to assess the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine in treating VaD.

Methods: CNKI, CBM, PubMed, and Wiley Online Library were retrieved for randomized trials (RCTs) on Chinese herbal medicine treating VaD patients.

[Treatment of refractory depression patients of yin deficiency inner heat syndrome by jieyu granule combined paroxetine: an efficacy observation].

Objective: To explore the efficacy of jieyu granule (JG) combined Paroxetine in treating refractory depression (RD) patients of yin deficiency inner heat syndrome (YDIHS).

Methods: Seventy RD patients of YDIHS were randomly assigned to the experimental group (JG combined Paroxetine) and the control group (Chinese medical placebo combined Paroxetine), 35 cases in each group. Hamilt Depression Rating Scale and Hamilton Anxiety Scale were used before treatment, and at the weekend of the 2nd, 4th, and 8th week, respectively.

[Assessment of the results of syndrome in clinical trials of dementia treated by Chinese herbal medicine].

Chinese medical syndrome efficacy, as a second efficacy indicator, has been widely used in clinical trials of treating dementia by Chinese herbal medicine. The syndrome assessment tool is a key point in assessing the efficacy of Chinese medical syndrome. The syndrome assessment tool for dementia used nowadays needs to be optimized in content, reliability, and validity.

[Case constitution and medication intention of bipolar disordered outpatients at two grade IIIa hospitals in Beijing].

Objective: To acquire the case constitution of bipolar disordered (BPD) in mood disordered (MD) outpatients at two local Beijing hospitals to understand the case constitution and medication intention of clinical psychiatrists in terms of differentiation and treatment of BPD.

Methods: All psychiatrists at Anding Hospital and neurological physicians at Xuanwu Hospital were surveyed by self-rated questionnaires and the analysis focused on the composition of proportions of BPD cases out of MD patients. The items included estimated ratio of BPD cases, doctors' intention of drug prescription and clinical therapeutic regimen for treatment of BPD.

Effects of Chinese medicine for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis in treating patients with mild to moderate vascular dementia: a randomized, double-blind and parallel-controlled trial.

Background: Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second common subtype of dementia after Alzheimer's disease. However, there is still a lack of medication that demonstrates clinically relevant symptomatic improvement. Static blood obstructing the brain is the main Chinese medicine syndrome of VaD.

Recognition of dementia in ancient China.

A search of previous records in the literatures was done to summarize the opinions for dementia in ancient China. The earliest description of dementia was traced in the Yellow emperor's internal classic, a book written 2000 years ago. Hua Tuo (AD 140-208) in Han Dynasty first denominated "dementia" in the book, Hua Tuo Shen Yi Mi Zhuan.

Effects of Chinese medicine for tonifying the kidney and resolving phlegm and blood stasis in treating patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment: a randomized, double-blind and parallel-controlled trial.

Background: It is important to detect and prevent Alzheimer disease (AD) at its early stage. Constituting the early stage sign of AD, amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) has drawn much attention. Studies have shown that donepezil could reduce the AD assessment scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog) score in MCI patients and improve the patient's attention and speed of response; however, it also has many side effects.

[Correlation between cognitive functions and syndromes of traditional Chinese medicine in vascular cognitive impairment].

Objective: To investigate the correlation between cognitive function and the Chinese medicine syndrome characteristics of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI).

Methods: A total of 774 subjects (age from 41 to 87 years old) from Beijing of China accepted neuropsychological assessments and differentiation of Chinese medicine syndromes. The mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and clinic dementia rating (CDR) were used to access the global cognitive function; the Hachinski ischemia scale (HIS) and the Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) were used for differential diagnosis; the ability of daily living (ADL) scale was used to assess the ability of daily living; the clock drawing test was used to access the executive function; the investigation of syndrome manifestations and the syndrome differentiation scale of vascular dementia (SDSVD) were used for diagnosis of syndrome manifestations.

Effects of Chinese herbal medicine Yinsiwei compound on spatial learning and memory ability and the ultrastructure of hippocampal neurons in a rat model of sporadic Alzheimer disease.

Objective: To study the effects of Chinese herbal medicine Yinsiwei compound (YSW) on spatial learning and memory ability in rats with sporadic Alzheimer disease (SAD) and the ultrastructural basis of the hippocampal neurons.

Methods: A rat model of SAD was established by intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin. The rats were divided into six groups: sham-operation group, model group, donepezil control group, and YSW low, medium and high dose groups.

Correlation between cognitive functions and syndromes of traditional Chinese medicine in amnestic mild cognitive impairment.

Objective: To explore the correlation between the cognitive functions and syndromes of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), and to provide evidence for clinical syndrome differentiation treatment.

Methods: Six hundred subjects from Dongzhimen Hospital and seven communities in Beijing, aged between 40 and 85 years, accepted neuropsychological assessments, imaging and biochemical examinations, and syndrome differentiation, from whom 159 aMCI patients, 213 normal control (NC) subjects and 171 Alzheimer's dementia (AD) patients were screened out. Correlation between the cognitive functions and TCM syndromes in aMCI patients was analyzed.

[An explanation on "guiding principles of clinical research on mild cognitive impairment (protocol)"].

In order to provide the "guiding principles of clinical research on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (protocol)" edited by Beijing United Study Group on MCI of the Capital Foundation of Medical Developments (CFMD) with evidence support, clinical criteria, subtypes, inclusion and exclusion of MCI, and use of rating scales were reviewed. The authors suggested that MCI clinical criteria and new diagnosis procedure from the MCI Working Group of the European Alzheimer's disease Consortium (EADC) may better reflect the heterogeneity of MCI syndrome. Diagnostic rating scales including Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), Global Deterioration Scale (GDS), Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) are very useful in definition of MCI but can not replace its clinical criteria.

[Guiding principles of clinical research on mild cognitive impairment (protocol)].

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), as a nosological entity referring to elderly people with MCI but without dementia, was proposed as a warning signal of dementia occurrence and a novel therapeutic target. MCI clinical criteria and diagnostic procedure from the MCI Working Group of the European Alzheimer's Disease Consortium (EADC) may better reflect the heterogeneity of MCI syndrome. Beijing United Study Group on MCI funded by the Capital Foundation of Medical Developments (CFMD) proposed the guiding principles of clinical research on MCI.

[Clinical study on a randomized, double-blind control of Shenwu gelatin capsule in treatment of mild cognitive impairment].

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of Shenwu gelatin capsule (compound Chinese ginseng and fleeceflower root etc) in the treatment on senile mild cognitive impairment.

Method: 166 patients meeting criteria for mild cognitive impairment were selected from patients in Dongzhimen Hospital and were randomly assigned into a treatment group (n = 83 cases), given 5 capsules of Shenwu gelatin capsule, and a positive control group (n = 83 cases) , given 2 capsules of aniracetam with 3 placebo capsules. All subjects took this medication 3 times a day for 3 months, double-blind and double-moulding control were used in this study.

[Influence of Chinese herbal extract complex on expression of corticotropin-releasing factor and protein kinasec protein in hippocampus of middle cerebral artery occlusion rats].

Objective: To explore the influence of one Chinese herbal extract complex (GETO) on the expression of corticotropin-releasing factor(CRF) and protein kinasec(PKC) proteins of the hippocampus in middle cerebral artery orilusion(MCAO) rats.

Method: All rats were subjected to MCAO by nylon thread, except the sham-group rats. Rats were divied into four groups: sham-group, cerebral ischemia model-group, GETO-group(6.

[A clinical study on a randomized, double-blind control of Chinese medicine granules in treatment of vascular dementia].

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of Chinese medicine granules (Compound Chinese extract from herbs) in the treatment on senile vascular dementia.

Method: One hundred and twenty patients meeting criteria for vascular dementia were selected from patients in Dongzhimen Hospital and were randomly assigned into a treatment group (n = 70 cases), given 1 package of Chinese medicine granules with 1 placebo tablets, and a positive control group (n = 50 cases), given 1 tablets of Duxil with 1 package of placebo. All subjects took this medication 3 times a day for 2 months.

[Research of kingsbrain on improving the learning and memory ability of MCAO rats].

Objective: To explore the influence of Kingsbrain (GETO) on the learning memory impairment of rats with cerebral ischemia.

Method: Rats with cerebral ischemia were administered GETO orally once a day for one month. The ability of spatial-learning memory of rats was evaluated by Morris Water Maze (MWM).

[Effect of GETO on expression of protein in postsynaptic dense zone of Alzheimer's disease model rats].

Objective: To observe the effect of GETO on expression of PSD-95 and Shank-1 protein in postsynaptic dense zone in Alzheimer disease (AD) model rats.

Methods: The AD model rats were established by beta-amyloid protein (Abeta(1-42)) injection into hippocampus CA1 zone. They were assigned into the model group, the donepezil treated group and the GETO treated group, besides, a normal group was set for control.

[The influence of CGE on expression of IL-1beta and c-fos protein in the hippocampus region in rats following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion].

Objective: To observe inhibiting effect of CGE (compound ginseng extract) on increased expression of IL-1beta and c-fos protein following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.

Method: The vascular dementia model was made by middle cerebral artery occlusion for 2 hours. Expression of IL-1beta and c-fos were determined by immunohistochemistry in the hippocampus regions in brain tissue at the 0.

[A follow-up study on a randomized, single-blind control of King's Brain pills in treatment of memory disorder in elderly people with MCI in a Beijing community].

Objective: To evaluate the effect of King's Brain pills (Compound Chinese ginseng extract from herbs) on the treatment and the delaying of memory decline in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in a community by a year follow-up of neuropsychology.

Method: 75 patients with MCI were selected from Beixinqiao community of Beijing by a cutoff score of 0.0/0.