Punicalagin attenuates hyperuricemia via restoring hyperuricemia-induced renal and intestinal dysfunctions.

Introduction: It is estimated that 90% of hyperuricemia cases are attributed to the inability to excrete uric acid (UA). The two main organs in charge of excreting UA are the kidney (70%) and intestine (30%). Previous studies have reported that punicalagin (PU) could protect against kidney and intestinal damages, which makes it a potential candidate for alleviating hyperuricemia.

The molecular mechanism of action for the potent antitumor component extracted using supercritical fluid extraction from Croton crassifolius root.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The root of Croton crassifolius has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), called Radix Croton Crassifolius, and commonly known as "Ji Gu Xiang" in Chinese. Its medicinal value has been recorded in several medical books or handbooks, such as "Sheng Cao Yao Xing Bei Yao", "Ben Cao Qiu Yuan" and "Zhong Hua Ben Cao". It has been traditional employed for treating sore throat, stomach-ache, rheumatism and cancer.

The antihyperuricemia activity of Astragali Radix through regulating the expression of uric acid transporters via PI3K/Akt signalling pathway.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Astragali Radix (AR) is the dry root of the leguminous plants Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch) Beg. var. mongholicus (Beg) Hsiao, and Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch) Bge.

Fangchinoline derivatives inhibits PI3K signaling in vitro and in vivo in non-small cell lung cancer.

Fangchinoline (Fan) are extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Stephania tetrandra S., which is a bis-benzyl isoquinoline alkaloids with anti-tumor activity. Therefore, 25 novel Fan derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated for their anti-cancer activity.

Improved colonic inflammation by nervonic acid via inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway of DSS-induced colitis mice.

Background: Nervonic acid (C24:1, 24:1 ω-9, cis-tetracos-15-enoic acid; NA), a long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid, plays an essential role in prevention of metabolic diseases, and immune regulation, and has anti-inflammatory properties. As a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory disease, ulcerative colitis (UC) can affect the large intestine. The influences of NA on UC are largely unknown.

Molecular mechanisms of the chemical constituents from anti-inflammatory and antioxidant active fractions of Imazeki.

Imazeki is a rare medicinal mushroom that has been reported to play a role in scavenging free radicals, protecting the liver, and inhibiting tumor cell activity. In this study, crude extracts were prepared, and 47 triterpenoids were identified by Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole time-of flight mass spectrometry UHPLC-Triple TOF-MS/MS). Then, the crude extracts were subjected to column chromatography for the first time to obtain six fractions (Fr.

Characterization of the physicochemical, thermal and rheological properties of cashew kernel starch.

The study aimed to characterize physicochemical, thermal, and rheological properties of cashew nut starch (CNS) and then compare the obtained results with the properties of potato and corn starches. CNS showed higher gelatinization temperatures (112.29 °C) than those noted for potato and maize starches (78.

A geniposide-phospholipid complex ameliorates posthyperuricemia chronic kidney disease induced by inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress.

Hyperuricemia is a common metabolic disease and is one of the factors that could induce chronic kidney disease (CKD). Geniposide (GEN) is a typical natural iridoid glucoside compound with a series of biological activities, but the poor bioavailability of GEN limits its clinical application. In this context, the pharmacological activity of the geniposide-phospholipid complex (GEN-PLC) in ameliorating posthyperuricemia CKD was evaluated by in vitro and in vivo experiments in this study.

Synthesis and bioactivity evaluation of novel nuciferine derivatives with antihyperuricemia and nephroprotective effects.

Hyperuricemia is a common metabolic disease with a series of complications. Nuciferine, a typical aporphine alkaloid natural compound extracted from the leaves of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn., was confirmed to have an antihyperuricemia effect.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of thiazolidine-2-thione derivatives as novel xanthine oxidase inhibitors.

Xanthine oxidase (XO) is a key enzyme in the generation and development of hyperuricemia. Thiazolidine-2-thione, a typical heterocyclic compound, have been widely used in the field of drug synthesis. In this study, a series of novel thiazolidine-2-thione derivatives were synthesized as XO inhibitors, and the XO inhibitory potencies of obtained compounds were evaluated by in vitro enzyme catalysis.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of geniposide derivatives as inhibitors of hyperuricemia, inflammatory and fibrosis.

Hyperuricemia is a metabolic disease caused by abnormal purine metabolism in the body. Long-term high levels of uric acid in the body will lead to gout and kidney disease. Xanthine oxidase (XOD) is a key enzyme in the pathogenesis of hyperuricemia.

Design, synthesis and in vitro anticancer research of novel tetrandrine and fangchinoline derivatives.

Cancer treatment is one of the major public health issues in the world. Tetrandrine (Tet) and fangchinoline (d-Tet) are two bis-benzyl isoquinoline alkaloids extracted from Stephania tetrandra S. Moore, and their antitumor activities have been confirmed.

Cytotoxic ergostane-type steroids from Ganoderma lingzhi.

Two new ergostane-type steroids (1 and 2) have been isolated from the fruiting body of a medicinal macro fungus Ganoderma lingzhi. The structures including the absolute configurations of them were elucidated by a combination of different spectroscopic analyses especially C NMR and ECD calculations. Compound 2 features an unusual 1,2-dioxolane moiety.

PDB-1 from Potentilla discolor Bunge induces apoptosis and autophagy by downregulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in A549 cells.

PDB-1 is a new C-27-carboxylated-lupane-triterpenoid derivative isolated from Potentilla discolor Bunge. In our previous research, PDB-1 was suggested to have an obvious selectivity for tumor cells. This study focused on clarifying PDB-1's anticancer mechanism in the inhibition of proliferation and in the induction of apoptosis and autophagy in A549 cells.

Two new diterpenoids with their antiproliferative activities from the supercritical fluid extraction of root.

Supercritical fluid extraction was applied to obtain the lower polarity extracts from roots, and chemical investigation of which led to the isolation and identification of two new diterpenoids, named crassifolius P () and crassifolius Q (). anti-proliferative activities of compounds and on A549, Hep-G2 and Hela tumor cell lines were evaluated. The two new compounds exhibited obvious selectivity to tumor cells with IC values ranging from 20.

Design, synthesis and in vitro evaluation of fangchinoline derivatives as potential anticancer agents.

The isolation and modification of natural products play an important role in the synthesis of anti-tumor drugs for the treatment of cancer. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of fangchinoline derivatives against cancer cells. In vitro cytotoxicity of all derivatives against five cancer cell lines (A549, Hela, HepG-2, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines) and HL-7702 normal cells was assessed using the CCK-8 assay, and the results showed that most of the synthesized compounds displayed better cytotoxic effects on all the tested cells compared to that of the parent fangchinoline.

Bioactive terpenoid constituents from Eclipta prostrata.

Chemical fractionation of the ethanolic extract of Eclipta prostrata yielded a series of unreported terpenoid constituents, including a rare 6/6/6/6-fused tetracyclic triterpenoid, a pentacyclic triterpenoid, two pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins, a diterpenoid and a sesquiterpenoid. Structures were assigned to these compounds on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, with the absolute configurations of the tetracyclic triterpenoid, the diterpenoid and the sesquiterpenoid being determined via explanation of electronic circular dichroism data. Screening of these isolates in an array of bioassays revealed antibacterial, cytotoxic and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities for selective compounds.

Catechin attenuates TNF-α induced inflammatory response via AMPK-SIRT1 pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

Chronic inflammation is a fundamental symptom of many diseases. Catechin possesses anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the mechanism of catechin to prevent inflammation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes caused by TNF-α remains unknown.

Supercritical CO fluid extraction of croton crassifolius Geisel root: Chemical composition and anti-proliferative, autophagic, apoptosis-inducing, and related molecular effects on A549 tumour cells.

Background: The use of plant essential oils as pharmaceuticals is a fast-growing market especially in China. Throughout the 20th century, a rapid increase took place in the use of many essential oil-derived products in the medicinal industry as nutraceuticals, medicinal supplements, and pharmaceuticals.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to explore the chemical composition of Croton crassifolius essential oil as well as its potential anti-tumour properties and related anti-proliferative, autophagic, and apoptosis-inducing effects.

Three new C-27-carboxylated-lupane-triterpenoid derivatives from Potentilla discolor Bunge and their in vitro antitumor activities.

Three new lupane-triterpenoids (1-3) along with six known compounds (4-9) were isolated from the ethanolic extract of whole plant of Potentilla discolor Bunge. The structures of Compounds 1-3 were established by extensive 1D and 2D NMR together with other spectrum analysis, indicating that their C-27 positions were highly oxygenated, which were rarely found in nature. Their in vitro anti-proliferative activities against HepG-2, MCF-7 and T-84 cell lines were evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and the results showed different activities for three cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 17.

A new triterpenoid saponin from Gleditsia sinensis and its antiproliferative activity.

Chemical investigation of the anomalous fruits of Gleditsia sinensis led to the isolation and identification of a new triterpenoid saponin, 3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-α-L-rhamnopyrano--syl-(1 → 4)-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (1), along with other nine known compounds (2-10). All the isolates from this species were reported for the first time. The structure of Compound 1 was determined by a detailed analysis using various analytical techniques, including 1D and 2D NMR.

[Chemical Constituents of Euphorbia lunulata].

Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents in the ethanol extract from the whole plant of Euphorbia lunulata.

Methods: The whole plant of Euphorbia lunulata was extracted by 95% ethanol, then partitioned by system solvents with different polarity. The ethyl acetate and n-butyl alcohol extracts were separated on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20,and MCI columns.

Chemical constituents, anticancer, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oil from Anaphalis lacteal grown in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

The chemical constituent of the essential oil from Anaphalis lacteal was determined; 31 compounds, representing 93.91% of the total oil, were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Three Gram-positive bacteria species, three Gram-negative bacteria species and four fungi were used to determine antimicrobial activity; the results revealed that the essential oil had a remarkable antimicrobial effect against bacteria and a susceptive effect against fungus.