New cycloalkyl[b]thiophenylnicotinamide-based α-glucosidase inhibitors as promising anti-diabetic agents: Synthesis, in silico study, in vitro and in vivo evaluations.

In the present study, a series of cycloalkyl[b]thiophenylnicotinamide derivatives against α-glucosidase were synthesized, and evaluated for their in vitro and in vivo anti-diabetic potential. Most of the synthetic analogues exhibited superior α-glucosidase inhibitory effects than the standard drug acarbose (IC = 258.5 μM), in which compound 11b with cyclohexyl[b]thiophene core demonstrated the highest activity with an IC value of 9.

SGLT2 inhibitors for prevention of cardiorenal events in people with type 2 diabetes without cardiorenal disease: A meta-analysis of large randomized trials and cohort studies.

To investigate whether sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) can reduce important cardiorenal endpoints in type 2 diabetic adults without established cardiovascular disease (ECD), in those without heart failure (HF), and in those without chronic kidney disease (CKD). We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and clinicaltrials.gov.

[Effects of cuttlefish bone-bone morphogenetic protein composite material on osteogenesis and revascularization of bone defect in rats].

Objective: To study the effects of cuttlefish bone-bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) composite material on osteogenesis and revascularization of bone defect in rats.

Methods: The cuttlefish bone was formed into cylinder with the diameter of about 5 mm and height of about 2 mm after the shell was removed, and then it was soaked in the recombinant human BMP 2 to make a cuttlefish bone-BMP (CBB) composite material. Thirty SD rats, with a defect of skull in every rat, were divided into the CBB and pure cuttlefish bone (PCB) groups according to the random number table, with 15 rats in each group.

Clinical efficacy of simple obesity treated by catgut implantation at acupoints.

Objective: To observe the clinical effificacy of treatment with catgut implantation at acupoints on simple obesity.

Methods: Following the theory of Chinese medicine (CM), pattern identification (PI) and treatment was based on the patient's symptoms and signs. Patients were observed during three courses and one year following treatment through self-comparison before and after six or seven acupoints catgut implantation.

A synthetic cyclic peptide derived from Limulus anti-lipopolysaccharide factor neutralizes endotoxin in vitro and in vivo.

Endotoxin, also known as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), is the major mediator of septic shock due to Gram-negative bacterial infections. Recently, much attention has been focused on cationic peptides which possess the potential to detoxify LPS. Limulus anti-LPS factor (LALF), a protein found in the horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus), has been proved with striking anti-LPS effects.

Increased interleukin-6 and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor levels in the sera of patients with non-segmental vitiligo.

Background: Although the cause of vitiligo is unknown, an autoimmune theory has been proposed, and there is now convincing evidence that cytokines have an important role in pathogenesis of autoimmunity.

Objective: To study the possible role of interleukin-1, beta (IL-1 beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in the pathogenesis of vitiligo.

Methods: The authors measured the serum levels of the above-mentioned cytokines from 50 patients with the vitiligo compared with 20 healthy volunteers, employing the method of radioimmunoassay.