Tongxinluo Reverses the Hypoxia-suppressed Claudin-9 in Cardiac Microvascular Endothelial Cells.

Background: Claudin-5, claudin-9, and claudin-11 are expressed in endothelial cells to constitute tight junctions, and their deficiency may lead to hyperpermeability, which is the initiating process and pathological basis of cardiovascular disease. Although tongxinluo (TXL) has satisfactory antianginal effects, whether and how it modulates claudin-5, claudin-9, and claudin-11 in hypoxia-stimulated human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (HCMECs) have not been reported.

Methods: In this study, HCMECs were stimulated with CoCl2to mimic hypoxia and treated with TXL.

Tongxinluo inhibits cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, hypoxia-inducible factor-2α/vascular endothelial growth factor to antagonize injury in hypoxia-stimulated cardiac microvascular endothelial cells.

Background: Endothelial dysfunction is considered as the initiating process and pathological basis of cardiovascular disease. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostacyclin synthase (PGIS), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS) are key enzymes with opposing actions in inflammation and oxidative stress, which are believed to be the major driver of endothelial dysfunction. And in hypoxia (Hx), Hx-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and HIF-2α are predominantly induced to activate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), resulting in abnormal proliferation.

[The protective effect of nourishing yin and promoting blood flow recipe on the aortic endothelium injury of diabetic rats].

Objective: To investigate the protective effects of Nourishing Yin and Promoting Blood Flow Recipe (NYPBR) on aortic endothelium injury of diabetic rats.

Methods: The SD rats were divided into 3 groups randomly: control group, modle group and NYPBR group. The latter two groups were injected intraperitoneally with streptozotocin to establish diabetes model.

[Protective effect of nourishingyin and promoting blood flow recipe on kidney of diabetic rat].

Objective: To investigate the protective effects of Nourishingyin and Promotingblood flow recipe (NYPBR) on the kidney of diabetic rat.

Method: SD rats were divided into 3 groups at random: control group, diabetes group and NYPBR group. The latter two groups were injected intraperitoneally with streptozotocin to induce diabetes model.

Interaction between COX-2 and iNOS aggravates vascular lesion and antagonistic effect of ginsenoside.

Aim Of The Study: Ginseng, the root of Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer (Araliaceae), is one of the most widely used Chinese herbs with hypotensive and cardiotonic actions for thousands of years, but the underlying mechanisms have not been well determined.

Peroxynitrite-induced protein nitration contributes to liver mitochondrial damage in diabetic rats.

Oxidative stress, especially peroxynitrite (ONOO(-))-mediated oxidative stress, plays a key role in diabetes. Mitochondria, as the generating source of ONOO(-), may also be the major damaging target of ONOO(-), which can cause a series of mitochondrial proteins nitration. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the relationship between the nitration of entire mitochondrial proteins induced by ONOO(-) and liver mitochondrial structural damage in diabetes.

[Effect of Tongxinluo on 7 gene expression profile associated with vascular endothelium injure of rats with deficiency of vital energy or qi stagnation].

Objective: To investigate 7 gene expression profile associated with inflammation and oxidative stress in vascular endothelium injure of rats with deficiency of vital energy or qi stagnation, and the effect of Tongxinluo on gene expression profile.

Method: The model of vascular endothelium injury of rats with deficiency of vital energy or qi stagnation were established by using high L-methionine, with load-carrying swimming or being fastened, respectively. RT-PCR and SAGE database which is available in NCBI, were used to analyze the changes of 7 gene expression related with inflammation and oxidative stress in endothelium injure and the effect of Tongxinluo on the gene expression profile.

[Effect of Bulbus Allii Macrostemi on gene expression profile associated with vascular endothelium injure of Qi stagnation rats].

Objective: To investigate the effect of Bulbus Allii Macrostemi on gene expression profile associated with inflammation and oxidative stress in vascular endothelium injure of qi stagnation rats.

Methods: The model of vascular endothelium injure of qi stagnation rats were established by using high L-Methionine and being fastened. RT-PCR and serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) database, available in NCBI, were used to analyze the changes of genes expression related to inflammation and oxidative stress in endothelium injure and the effect of Bulbus Allii Macrostemi.