Association Between Blood Urea Nitrogen and Delirium in Critically Ill Elderly Patients Without Kidney Diseases: A Retrospective Study and Mendelian Randomization Analysis.

Objective: This study investigates the association between blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels and the risk of delirium in critically ill elderly patients without kidney disease.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted using data from the MIMIC-IV database. The relationship between BUN and delirium risk was illustrated through the restricted cubic spline (RCS) method.

The progression rate and risk factor analysis of small gastric subepithelial tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Aims: Small gastric subepithelial tumors (SETs) in the stomach can be managed through surveillance or resection. However, it is still controversial how often the lesion would progress if left untreated. This study aimed to evaluate the progression rate of small SETs and identify risk factors influencing tumor growth.

The highly allo-autopolyploid modern sugarcane genome and very recent allopolyploidization in Saccharum.

Modern sugarcane, a highly allo-autopolyploid organism, has a very complex genome. In the present study, the karyotype and genome architecture of modern sugarcane were investigated, resulting in a genome assembly of 97 chromosomes (8.84 Gb).

A KIF20A-based thermosensitive hydrogel vaccine effectively potentiates immune checkpoint blockade therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly prevalent malignancy with limited treatment efficacy despite advances in immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. The inherently weak immune responses in HCC necessitate novel strategies to improve anti-tumor immunity and synergize with ICB therapy. Kinesin family member 20A (KIF20A) is a tumor-associated antigen (TAA) overexpressed in HCC, and it could be a promising target for vaccine development.

Nucleosome wrapping states encode principles of 3D genome organization.

Nucleosome is the basic structural unit of the genome. During processes like DNA replication and gene transcription, the conformation of nucleosomes undergoes dynamic changes, including DNA unwrapping and rewrapping, as well as histone disassembly and assembly. However, the wrapping characteristics of nucleosomes across the entire genome, including region-specificity and their correlation with higher-order chromatin organization, remains to be studied.

Systematic review and meta-analysis comparative analysis of the safety and efficacy of fenestrated pedicle screw with cement and conventional pedicle screw with cement in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fractures: A meta-analysis.

Purpose: Bone cement-reinforced fenestrated pedicle screws (FPSs) have been widely used in the internal fixation and repair of the spine with osteoporosis in recent years and show significant improvement in fixation strength and stability. However, compared with conventional reinforcement methods, the advantages of bone cement-reinforced FPSs remain undetermined. This article compares the effects of fenestrated and conventional pedicle screws (CPSs) combined with bone cement in the treatment of osteoporosis.

SIRT6 promotes angiogenesis by enhancing VEGFA secretion via demyristoylation in endothelial cell.

Angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in ischemic cardiovascular disease, accompanied by epigenetic regulation during this process. Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) has been implicated in the regulation of DNA repair, transcription and aging, with its deacetylase activity fully studied. However, the role of SIRT6 demyristoylase activity remains less clear, with even less attention given to its myristoylated substrates.

Effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with extracorporeal shockwave therapy for poststroke spasticity: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Spasticity is a common complication of stroke, which is related to poor motor recovery and limitations in the performance of activities. Both transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) are effective treatment methods for poststroke spasticity (PSS). However, there is no existing study exploring the safety and effectiveness of TMS combined with ESWT for PSS.

Machine Learning Approaches in High Myopia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: In recent years, with the rapid development of machine learning (ML), it has gained widespread attention from researchers in clinical practice. ML models appear to demonstrate promising accuracy in the diagnosis of complex diseases, as well as in predicting disease progression and prognosis. Some studies have applied it to ophthalmology, primarily for the diagnosis of pathologic myopia and high myopia-associated glaucoma, as well as for predicting the progression of high myopia.

FoxC1 activates Notch3 signaling to promote the inflammatory phenotype of keloid fibroblasts and aggravates keloid.

Keloids are disfiguring proliferative scars, and their pathological mechanisms are still unclear. We have previously established that FoxC1 plays a significant role in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, but its molecular mechanisms in pathological scar formation remain elusive. In this study, we analyzed keloid tissue characteristics using HE staining and immunohistochemistry, revealing abnormal expression of FoxC1 and Notch3 in keloids.

Enhanced CO₂ photoreduction to methane via Schottky Zn₃N₂/KPCN heterojunctions for sustainable energy applications.

The pressing necessity to mitigate climate change and decrease greenhouse gas emissions has driven the advancement of heterostructure-based photocatalysts for effective CO₂ reduction. This study introduces a novel heterojunction photocatalyst formed by integrating potassium-doped polymeric carbon nitride (KPCN) with metallic Zn₃N₂, synthesized via a microwave-assisted molten salt method. The resulting Schottky contact effectively suppresses the reverse diffusion of electrons, achieving spatial separation of photogenerated charges and prolonging their lifetime, which significantly enhances photocatalytic activity and efficiency.

Development of a novel ICT-ESIPT-based NIR ratiometric fluorescent probe for specific detection of Hg in the environment and living organisms.

As a heavy metal contaminant, mercury ion (Hg) has caused great harm to environment and life. Mercury ions will migrate and transform in the environment and eventually accumulate in the human body, thus causing human poisoning. Therefore, it is of great significance to detect Hg in the environment and living bodies.

Mapping environmental noise of Guangzhou based on land use regression models.

Background: Environmental noise seriously affects people's health and life quality, but there is a scarcity of noise exposure data in metropolitan cities and at nighttime, especially in developing countries.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the environmental noise level by land use regression (LUR) models and create daytime and nighttime noise maps with high-resolution of Guangzhou municipality.

Methods: A total of 100 monitoring sites were randomly selected according to population density.

A molecular toxicological study to explore potential health risks associated with ultrafine particle exposure in cold and humid indoor environments.

Environmental pollutants including ultrafine particulate matter (UFPs) and adverse meteorological conditions pose significant public health impacts, particularly affecting respiratory health. This study aims to elucidate the synergistic effects of cold-humid conditions and UFPs exposure on respiratory health, utilizing Carbon Black Nanoparticles (CB-NPs) as surrogates for UFPs. Through comprehensive lung function tests, histopathological examinations, and biomarker analyses, this research focuses on the modulation of oxidative stress signaling pathways and NF-κB activation.

The discrepancy in amino acids within high-temperature Daqu: A novel metabolic marker for the quality evaluation of Daqu.

Mechanical pressing in Daqu production has introduced quality-affecting variations. Up to now, clear elucidation has not yet been applied to the mechanisms behind this phenomenon, and the determinants of Daqu quality are not yet completely excavated. For this reason, the physicochemical factors, enzyme activity, metabolites, and microbial communities were compared between the mechanical Daqu (MDQ) and traditional Daqu (TDQ) in this paper.

Disentangling Sources of Momentum Fluctuations in Xe+Xe and Pb+Pb Collisions with the ATLAS Detector.

High-energy nuclear collisions create a quark-gluon plasma, whose initial condition and subsequent expansion vary from event to event, impacting the distribution of the eventwise average transverse momentum [P([p_{T}])]. Disentangling the contributions from fluctuations in the nuclear overlap size (geometrical component) and other sources at a fixed size (intrinsic component) remains a challenge. This problem is addressed by measuring the mean, variance, and skewness of P([p_{T}]) in ^{208}Pb+^{208}Pb and ^{129}Xe+^{129}Xe collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.

Large-scale multicenter study reveals anticitrullinated SR-A peptide antibody as a biomarker and exacerbator for rheumatoid arthritis.

Current diagnosis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is still challenging. More than one-third of patients with RA could not be accurately diagnosed because of lacking biomarkers. Our recent study reported that scavenger receptor-A (SR-A) is a biomarker for RA, especially for anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (anti-CCP)-negative RA.

Ubiquitination of OsCSN5 by OsPUB45 activates immunity by modulating the OsCUL3a-OsNPR1 module.

The COP9 signalosome (CSN) is a highly conserved protein complex in eukaryotes, with CSN5 serving as its critical catalytic subunit. However, the role of CSN5 in plant immunity is largely unexplored. Here, we found that suppression of in rice enhances resistance against the fungal pathogen and the bacterial pathogen pv.

Precise Preparation of Size-Uniform Two-Dimensional Platelet Micelles Through Crystallization-Assisted Rapid Microphase Separation Using All-Bottlebrush-Type Block Copolymers with Crystalline Side Chains.

Polymer nanoparticles with low curvature, especially two-dimensional (2D) soft materials, are rich in functions and outstanding properties and have received extensive attention. Crystallization-driven self-assembly (CDSA) of linear semicrystalline block copolymers is currently a common method of constructing 2D platelets of uniform size. Although accompanied by high controllability, this CDSA method usually and inevitably requires a longer aging time and lower assembly concentration, limiting the large-scale preparation of nanoaggregates.

Identifying Upper d-Band Edge as Activity Descriptor for Ammonia Oxidation on PtCo Alloys in Low-Temperature Direct Ammonia Fuel Cells.

Low-temperature direct ammonia fuel cell (DAFC) stands out as a more secure technology than the hydrogen fuel cell system, while there is still a lack of elegant bottom-up synthesis procedures for efficient ammonia oxidation reaction (AOR) electrocatalysts. The widely accepted d-band center, even with consideration of the d-band width, usually fails to describe variations in AOR reactivity in many practical conditions, and a more accurate activity descriptor is necessary for a less empirical synthesis path. Herein, the upper d-band edge, ε, derived from the d-band model, is identified as an effective descriptor for accurately establishing the descriptor-activity relationship.

Phase 2 study of serplulimab with the bevacizumab biosimilar HLX04 in the first-line treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and preliminary efficacy of serplulimab, a novel programmed death-1 inhibitor, with or without bevacizumab biosimilar HLX04 as first-line treatment in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.

Methods: This open-label, multicenter phase 2 study (clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT03973112) was conducted in China and consisted of four treatment groups: group A (serplulimab 3 mg/kg plus HLX04 5 mg/kg, subsequent-line), group B (serplulimab 3 mg/kg plus HLX04 10 mg/kg, subsequent-line), group C (serplulimab 3 mg/kg, subsequent-line) and group D (serplulimab 3 mg/kg plus HLX04 10 mg/kg, first-line).

Learning curve insights in Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic (UBE) spinal procedures: proficiency cutoffs and the impact on efficiency and complications.

Objective: This study systematically assesses the learning curve of Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic (UBE) techniques across various spinal surgeries, focusing on its influence on operative efficiency and complication rates to guide optimized training and practice.

Methods: Systematic searches in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library identified studies on UBE learning curves for patients aged 18 or older, comparing early and mastery phases. Two reviewers independently extracted data on surgery type, operative time, and complications.

Mifepristone achieves tumor suppression and ferroptosis through PR/p53/HO1/GPX4 axis in meningioma cells.

Purpose: This study explores the effects of mifepristone on the proliferation, motility, and invasion of malignant and benign meningioma cells, aiming to identify mifepristone-sensitive types and investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Methods: IOMM-Lee and HBL-52 meningioma cells were treated with 0, vehicle control (VC), 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 μM of mifepristone for 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. Proliferation was assessed via CCK8 assay, while motility and invasion were measured using wound scratch and transwell assays.