mitigates drought-triggered oxidative burst in trifoliate orange by stimulating antioxidant defense systems.

Soil drought is detrimental to plant growth worldwide, particularly by triggering reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst. (), a culturable root-associated endophytic fungus, can assist host plants in dealing with abiotic stresses; however, it is unknown whether and how impacts the drought tolerance of citrus plants. To unravel the effects and roles of on drought-stressed plants, trifoliate orange ( L.

An endophytic fungus, Piriformospora indica, enhances drought tolerance of trifoliate orange by modulating the antioxidant defense system and composition of fatty acids.

A cultivable endophytic fungus, Piriformospora indica, improves growth and enhances stress tolerance of host plants, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We hypothesized that P. indica enhanced the drought tolerance of the host by regulating the antioxidant defense system and composition of fatty acids.

Endophytic fungus accelerates ascorbate-glutathione cycle of white clover in response to water stress.

Ascorbate-glutathione cycle is an important pathway for plants to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) under environmental stress conditions. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the endophytic fungus on biomass, chlorophyll concent, ROS levels, antioxidant enzyme activities, and ascorbate-glutathione cycle in white clover under ample water and water stress conditions. The results showed that 46 days of soil water stress distinctly promoted root colonization by .

[The Effect of Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia on Cognitive Function and Prefrontal Cortex Neurons in Rats].

Objective: To determine the effect of chronic intermittent hypoxia on cognitive function and prefrontal cortex neurons in rats.

Methods: 48 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: control group and 50 mL/L intermittent hypoxia group (50 mL/L CIH). Rats in the CIH group were placed in the low oxygen tank, simulating intermittent hypoxia environment.

A catalyst-free one-pot construction of skeletons of 5-methoxyseselin and alloxanthoxyletin in water.

In refluxing water and without an additional catalyst, electron-rich phenols could react with alkynoic acids or alkynoates to provide coumarin structures. The skeletons of two natural pyranocoumarins, 5-methoxyseselin and alloxanthoxyletin, could be constructed (total yield up to 76%) in an aqueous multicomponent reaction in which isoprenyl acetate, propiolic acid, and phloroglucinol were simply mixed and refluxed in water.

Desymmetrization of meso-1,2-diols via the dynamic kinetic resolution of its monodichloroacetates.

Enantioselective acylation catalyzed by the thioamide modified 1-methylhistidine methyl ester 1 in combination with DABCO-mediated racemization of the substrate led to the efficient dynamic kinetic resolution of meso-1,2-diol monodichloroacetates. In this way, cyclic and acyclic meso-1,2-diol monodichloroacetates can be transformed to the enantiomerically enriched (1S,2R)-heterosubstituted diol diesters which are stable in enantiomerically pure form and can be readily used for further organic transformations.