Sciatic nerve block downregulates the BDNF pathway to alleviate the neonatal incision-induced exaggeration of incisional pain via decreasing microglial activation.

Sciatic nerve block is under investigation as a possible therapeutic strategy for neonatal injury-induced exaggeration of pain responses to reinjury. Spinal microglial priming, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Src homology-2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-2 (SHP2) participate in exaggerated incisional pain induced by neonatal incision. However, effects of sciatic nerve block on exacerbated incisional pain and underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

IGF-1 alleviates serum IgG-induced neuronal cytolysis through PI3K signaling in children with opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome and neuroblastoma.

Background: Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome (OMS) is a rare neurological disorder, usually accompanied by neuroblastoma (NB). There is no targeted treatment and animal model of OMS. We aimed to investigate whether insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling alleviates neuronal cytolysis in pediatric OMS.

Lymphangioma of the gallbladder in childhood: a case report and review of the literature.

Lymphangiomas are malformations of the lymphatic system, which is a common disease in children, usually superficial in body, but seldom seen in visceral organs. We present the case of a child with lymphangioma of the gallbladder. Also we reviewed the literatures.

A shorter loop in Roux-Y hepatojejunostomy reconstruction for choledochal cysts is equally effective: preliminary results of a prospective randomized study.

Background: Conventionally, an adult's standard of a 40-cm loop is adopted in Roux-Y hepatojejunostomy (RYHJ) in choledochal cyst (CDC) in children, irrespective of patient size. The redundant length of the jejunal limb may lead to complications. We compared the outcome of an individualized short Roux loop with the standard loop length in RYHJ in children with CDC.

Rectovestibular fistula with normal anus: a simple resection or an extensive perineal dissection?

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to review a 10-year experience of operative procedures for rectovestibular fistula with normal anus (RVFNA) at one institution.

Materials And Methods: From January 1999 to December 2008, 182 female patients of RVFNA were treated surgically in the Department of Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, China. The patients' age ranged from 4 months to 15 years, with a mean age of 3.

Stability of a rat model of prehepatic portal hypertension caused by partial ligation of the portal vein.

Aim: To study the stability of portal hypertension (PHT) caused by partial ligation of the portal vein ligation (PVL) in a rat model.

Methods: Thirty male adult Wistar rats were divided into two groups: 10 in Group I received a sham operation; and 20 in Group II received partial PVL. Portal vein pressure (PVP) was measured at four time periods: before ligation, 2 wk, 6 wk and 10 wk post-surgery.

Space-occupying benign lesions in spleen: experiences in a single institute.

Purpose: To introduce a practical reference for the diagnosis and treatment of space-occupying benign lesions in children's spleens.

Method: Ten cases were collected from 1988 to 2007, and analysis of some related literature were included with special attention to the criteria of the diagnosis and the indications of splenectomy, particularly to the age for operation.

Results: The age of patients on admission ranged from 5 to 15 years, with the mean age of 10 years.

Recto-vestibular disruption defect resulted from the malpractice in the treatment of the acquired recto-vestibular fistula in infants.

Aim: To explore the pathogenesis of the rectovestibular disruption (RVD) defect and to recommend a successful repair, and prevention of it.

Methods: Clinical records of 15 girls, age ranged from 3 to 15 (median, 7.5) years, with acquired rectovestibular fistula (RVF) mistreated before were retrospectively reviewed.

Transanal approach in repairing acquired rectovestibular fistula in females.

Aim: To summarize the operative experience of the transanal approach in acquired rectovestibular fistula repair.

Methods: Ninety-six cases of acquired rectovestibular fistula in young females were analyzed retrospectively. The etiology and operative procedure were discussed.

Evolution of surgical paediatrics in China.

Pediatric surgery of China was established in 1950. Being isolated from the world, China's first-generation pediatric surgeons were mainly self-taught. The technology of pediatric surgery of China practically followed Gross, and the aim of pediatric surgery was similar to that of BAPS, "not to seek a monopoly.

Anomalous pancreatic duct anatomy, ectopic distal location of the papilla of Vater and congenital biliary dilatation: a new developmental triad?

Background: The opening of the papilla of Vater represents the orifice of the embryonic hepatic diverticulum from which the ventral pancreas, common bile duct, and liver are derived. Recently, we found a strong association between congenital biliary dilatation (CBD), certain types of pancreatic ductal anatomy (PDA), and ectopic distal location of the papilla of Vater which prompted us to study the relationship between the location of the papilla of Vater and abnormal PDA.

Methods: A total of 118 patients with CBD were studied.

Abdominal pain among children re-evaluation of a diagnostic algorithm.

Aim: To re-evaluate the algorithm that has been used for over 40 years for diagnosis of acute abdominal pain among children.

Methods: Among the 937 cases admitted to the surgical emergency ward in 2000, 656 cases of acute appendicitis were studied to evaluate the usefulness of the present algorithm for its calculated accuracy, false positive and false negative rates, the sensitivity and specificity in the instant diagnosis of various types of acute appendicitis in different age groups. The algorithm used was established in 1958 and revised for this study in 1999.