Target-controlled infusion of remimazolam effect-site concentration for total intravenous anesthesia in patients undergoing minimal invasive surgeries.

Background: Although pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic models of remimazolam have been developed, their clinical application remains limited. This study aimed to administer a target-controlled infusion (TCI) of remimazolam at the effect-site concentration (Ce) in patients undergoing general anesthesia and to investigate the relationship of the remimazolam Ce with sedative effects and with recovery from general anesthesia.

Methods: Fifty patients aged 20-75 years, scheduled for minimally invasive surgery under general anesthesia for less than 2 h, were enrolled.

Effect of total intravenous versus inhalation anesthesia on long-term oncological outcomes in patients undergoing curative resection for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) improves long-term outcomes after cancer surgery compared with inhalation anesthesia. However, its effect on patients undergoing non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) surgery remains unclear. We aimed to compare the oncological outcomes of TIVA and inhalation anesthesia after curative resection of early-stage NSCLC.

Postlaryngectomy supraglottic stenosis revealed by three-dimensional computed tomography reconstruction: A case report.

Rationale: Supraglottic stenosis is a rare cause of airway obstruction. It can be induced by radiation, trauma, autoimmune diseases, or caustic exposure, and is often misdiagnosed as asthma. Detailed airway information is necessary to re-establish the normal functioning of the airway.

Incidence of Adrenal Insufficiency and Cushing's Syndrome After Long-Term Epidural Steroid Injections Over Six Months or Longer: A Preliminary Study.

Purpose: Endocrinological complications of an epidural steroid injection (ESI) are rare but dangerous. Nevertheless, despite the associated risks, repeated long-term ESIs are indispensable in some clinical situations. However, only a few reports to date have assessed the safety of this procedure.

Difficult extubation of a damaged neural integrity monitor electromyogram tracheal tube: A case report.

Introduction: The purpose of a neural integrity monitor electromyogram (EMG) tracheal tube is to reduce the risk of damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerves. Complications associated with the use of EMG tube are ventilatory failure, tracheal injury, and difficult extubation.

Patient Concerns: We encountered a case of difficult extubation of an EMG tube after thyroidectomy and partial tracheal resection in a 73-year-old woman.

Clinical usefulness of ultrasound as an early diagnostic tool for neuroleukemiosis -a case report.

Background: Neuroleukemiosis is a rare complication of leukemia. The diagnosis may be delayed owing to non-specific symptoms and the need for special diagnostic modalities.

Case: A 70-year-old man in his sixth year of remission from acute myeloid leukemia was referred to the pain clinic for shooting and radiating pain in the left posterior leg.

Acute mental change as the presenting sign of posthepatectomy hepatic failure: A case report.

Rationale: Hepatectomy is a treatment to increase survival and curability of patients with intrahepatic lesions or malignant tumors. However, posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) can occur. This case is a patient showing acute mental change in postanesthetic care unit (PACU) as an uncommon symptom of PHLF after extended right hepatectomy.

Ischemic time of graft liver forces Th1-to-Th2 activity toward Th1 activity in patients who underwent living donor liver transplantation.

Recipient's immune responses are an important factor in allograft survival in transplantation. Cytokines are reflected with immune responses. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate potential affecting factors of liver allograft survival and their possible correlation with seroum cytokine levels in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT).

Corrigendum: Effects of Macrolide and Corticosteroid in Neutrophilic Asthma Mouse Model.

This corrects the article on p. 80 in vol. 81, PMID: 29332324.

Lead fracture of peripheral nerve stimulator for brachial plexopathy -a case report.

Peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) is a useful treatment for chronic pain, but it can cause damage depending on its application site. Here, we describe the case of a 54-year-old man who underwent PNS for brachial plexopathy in 2015. One lead was implanted on the left medial cord to stimulate the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve, and the other was implanted on the radial nerve to stimulate the posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve.

Compression stockings reduce the incidence of hypotension but not that of cerebral desaturation events in the beach-chair position: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: The beach-chair position (BCP) results in decreases in venous return, cardiac output, and cerebral perfusion pressure. In this randomized, prospective study, we investigated whether applying thigh-high compression stockings affected the maintenance of regional cerebral tissue oxygen saturation (rSO) in the BCP.

Methods: Patients undergoing orthopedic surgery in the BCP under general anesthesia were included and assigned randomly to the control or the compression stocking group.

Effects of Macrolide and Corticosteroid in Neutrophilic Asthma Mouse Model.

Background: Asthma is a disease of chronic airway inflammation with heterogeneous features. Neutrophilic asthma is corticosteroid-insensitive asthma related to absence or suppression of TH2 process and increased TH1 and/or TH17 process. Macrolides are immunomodulatory drug that reduce airway inflammation, but their role in asthma is not fully known.

Ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve stimulation for neuropathic pain after brachial plexus injury: two case reports.

Brachial plexus injury (BPI) often causes severe neuropathic pain that becomes chronic and difficult to treat pharmacologically or surgically. Here, we describe two cases of successful treatment of BPI with peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS). Both patients had experienced severe neuropathic pain after incomplete BPI for a long time (32 and 17 years) and did not response to medication, radiofrequency neuroablation, or spinal cord stimulation.

Microsurgical Foraminotomy via Wiltse Paraspinal Approach for Foraminal or Extraforaminal Stenosis at L5-S1 Level : Risk Factor Analysis for Poor Outcome.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to present the outcome of the microsurgical foraminotomy via Wiltse paraspinal approach for foraminal or extraforaminal (FEF) stenosis at L5-S1 level. We investigated risk factors associated with poor outcome of microsurgical foraminotomy at L5-S1 level.

Methods: We analyzed 21 patients who underwent the microsurgical foraminotomy for FEF stenosis at L5-S1 level.

Combined Spinal Cord Stimulation and Peripheral Nerve Stimulation for Brachial Plexopathy: A Case Report.

Brachial plexopathy usually results from an iatrogenic brachial plexus injury and can sometimes cause severe chronic pain and disability. There are a number of possible treatments for this condition, including medication, physical therapy, nerve blocks, and neuromodulation, but they are not always successful. Recently, combined spinal cord stimulation (SCS) and peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) have been tried for various chronic pain diseases because of their different mechanisms of action.

Percutaneous adjustment method for transversely migrated spinal cord stimulation leads: a technical report.

Lead migration is the most common complication of spinal cord stimulation (SCS). However, the only corrective method for lead migration is revision surgery, which may cause additional complications. Here, we describe a new technique for adjusting a transversely migrated SCS lead.

Pulsed radiofrequency under ultrasound guidance for the tarsal tunnel syndrome: two case reports.

Tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS) is a compression neuropathy that results from entrapment of the posterior tibial nerve or its branches. TTS may be treated either by conservative measures, including physical therapy, medications, and steroid injections, or by surgical decompression. Despite a variety of treatments, a few cases of TTS will relapse, and many cases of recurrent TTS will require re-operation.

Sugammadex versus neostigmine reversal of moderate rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade in Korean patients.

Background: Rapid and complete reversal of neuromuscular blockade (NMB) is desirable at the end of surgery. Sugammadex reverses rocuronium-induced NMB by encapsulation. It is well tolerated in Caucasian patients, providing rapid reversal of moderate (reappearance of T2) rocuronium-induced NMB.

Intrauterine fetal bradycardia after accidental administration of the anesthetic agent in the subdural space during epidural labor analgesia -A case report-.

Subdural injection of epidural anesthesia is rare and is usually undiagnosed during epidural anesthesia causing severely delayed maternal hypotension, hypoxia, and fetal distress. A 38-year-old primiparous woman was administered epidural labor analgesia at 40(+6) weeks' gestation, and developed progressive maternal respiratory depression, bradycardia, and hypotension after accidental subdural administration of the anesthetic agent. Furthermore, fetal distress occurred soon after administration.

Anesthesia for cesarean section in a patient with respiratory failure -A case report-.

We present successful epidural anesthesia and assisted mechanical ventilation in a parturient woman with respiratory failure. A 41-year-old woman at 35 weeks' of gestation was entering labor. She was pneumonectomized on the left, had bronchiectasis on the remnant lung, and was under assisted mechanical ventilation by continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) because of severely restricted lung function and superimposed pneumonia.

In the hour of Sugammadex.

Sugammadex is a modified gamma-cyclodextrin which is showing favorable outcomes regarding reversal of neuromuscular blockade, especially by rocuronium. It is designed to encapsulate rocuronium and being considered a new class of drugs as selective relaxant binding agents. It has given countless benefits to the patients at risk of incomplete or delayed recovery after neuromuscular block and has renown for another milestone in anesthesia practice.