Awareness, knowledge, and attitude toward cervical cancer screening and prevention in Uganda.

Objectives: Cervical cancer is the most prevalent cancer in Uganda, posing a significant burden with high mortality rates. Early detection through screening is crucial to reduce cervical cancer mortality. This study aimed to investigate the awareness, knowledge, and attitudes toward cervical cancer and its screening among residents in the central and western regions of Uganda.

Changes in retail cigarette price after tax increase: Findings from the 2018-2020 ITC Vietnam surveys.

Introduction: No longitudinal study has investigated the impact of cigarette tax increases on retail prices in Vietnam. This study aims to describe changes in the purchase price of cigarettes following an excise tax increase from 70% to 75% in January 2019.

Methods: Data were collected from people who currently smoke cigarettes in the longitudinal ITC Vietnam surveys: 1870 participants in Wave 1 (pre-increase), 1564 in Wave 2 (post-increase), and 1308 in Wave 3 (post-increase).

Association between current cigarette prices and cessation behaviors among male adult smokers: findings from 2018 to 2020 ITC Vietnam surveys.

Background: This study evaluated the impact of the tax increase in January 2019 on changes in intention to quit and the effect of cigarette prices on quit attempts and successful quitting among male cigarette smokers in Vietnam.

Methods: Data were derived from the ITC project in Vietnam, which included 1585 adult smokers at baseline (Wave 1, Aug-Oct 2018) followed up to waves 2 (Sep-Nov 2019) and 3 (Sep-Dec 2020). Generalized estimating equations regression was performed to estimate changes in the intention to quit.

The effect of healthy eating on the development of stomach and colorectal cancer by the smoking and drinking status: Results from the Korean National Cancer Center (KNCC) community cohort study.

Background: Determining the effect of dietary factors on cancer is a crucial issue when accounting for the effect of other major risks, such as smoking and drinking.

Method: A total of 15,563 adults from the Korean National Cancer Center Community Cohort were analyzed to determine and to compare the effect of dietary factors on stomach and colorectal cancer in overall and in the subgroup of non-smokers (or urinary cotinine concentrations <5 ng/mg) and non-drinkers with Cox proportional-hazard models.

Results: During the mean follow-up (13.

Combined effects of smoking and alcohol consumption on the risk of liver cancer according to metabolic syndrome: A nested case-control study in South Korea.

Tobacco and alcohol may interact to increase the risk of liver cancer, which might be modified by other risk factors. Their combined effects in the context of metabolic syndrome (MetS) remain unclear. Given the increasing prevalence of MetS, this nested case-control study was conducted to evaluate the combined effects of smoking and alcohol consumption on liver cancer risk with stratification by MetS.

Cancer risk according to fasting blood glucose trajectories: a population-based cohort study.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is known to increase the risk of cancer. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels can be changed over time. However, the association between FBG trajectory and cancer risk has been insufficiently studied.

Economic Burden of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review.

Globally, providing evidence on the economic burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is becoming essential as it assists the health authorities to efficiently allocate resources. This study aimed to summarize the literature on economic burden evidence for COPD from 1990 to 2019. This study examined the economic burden of COPD through a systematic review of studies from 1990 to 2019.

Cancer Risk Following Smoking Cessation in Korea.

Importance: Tobacco smoking is associated with increased risk of various cancers, and smoking cessation has been associated with reduced cancer risks, but it is still unclear how many years of smoking cessation are required to significantly reduce the cancer risk. Therefore, investigating the association of smoking cessation with cancer is essential.

Objective: To investigate the time course of cancer risk according to the time elapsed since smoking cessation and the benefits of smoking cessation according to the age at quitting.

Environmental exposure to lead and cadmium are associated with triglyceride glucose index.

The triglyceride glucose (TyG) index was suggested as a novel reliable surrogate marker for insulin resistance and related cardiovascular-metabolic diseases. We aimed to evaluate the association between the TyG index and environmental exposure to lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and cadmium (Cd). A total of 9645 adults who enrolled in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2005, 2008-2013, and 2016 were included.

Prophylactic effect of pilocarpine on acute sialadenitis following radioactive iodine therapy in thyroid cancer patients.

Our aim was to evaluate the effect of prophylactic pilocarpine on acute salivary symptoms after radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. We enrolled 88 patients (76 women and 12 men; mean age: 47 years; range: 20-74 years) with differentiated thyroid cancer who received RAI. Patients were divided into pilocarpine (51 patients) and control (37 patients) groups.

Determinants of unhealthy living by gender, age group, and chronic health conditions across districts in Korea using the 2010-2017 Community Health Surveys.

Objectives: We investigated the prevalence and determinants of unhealthy living by gender, age, and comorbidities across Korean districts.

Methods: For 806,246 men and 923,260 women from 245 districts who participated in the 2010-2017 Korean Community Health Surveys, risk scores were calculated based on obesity, physical inactivity, smoking, and high-risk alcohol consumption, each scored from 0 (lowest risk) to 2 (highest risk). A risk score ≥4 was defined as indicating unhealthy living, and weighted proportions were calculated for each district.

Socioeconomic inequality in health-related quality of life among Korean adults with chronic disease: an analysis of the Korean Community Health Survey.

Objectives: Health-related quality of life is crucial for people dealing with chronic illness. This study investigated the quality of life in individuals with 5 common chronic conditions in Korea. We also analyzed socioeconomic factors such as education, income, occupation, and urbanization to identify determinants of inequality.

Comparative Effects of Bivalent, Quadrivalent, and Nonavalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccines in The Prevention of Genotype-Specific Infection: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a major global disease burden and the main cause of cervical cancer. Certain HPV genotypes, with are the most common etiologic pathogens and cause a significant disease burden, are being targeted for vaccine development. However, few studies have focused on the comparative effectiveness of the bivalent HPV (2v-HPV), quadrivalent HPV (4v-HPV), and nonavalent HPV (9v-HPV) vaccines against HPV strain-specific infection.

Cluster of lifestyle risk factors for stomach cancer and screening behaviors among Korean adults.

This study aimed to investigate clustering patterns of lifestyle risk factors for stomach cancer and examine the association of risk factor clusters with stomach cancer screening adherence. Data from the 2019 Korean National Cancer Screening Survey, an annual cross-sectional nationwide survey, were used. The study population included 3539 adults aged 40-74 years with no history of cancer.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease and risk of cancer: Findings from the Korean National Health Screening Cohort.

Aim: Little is known about the association of cancers other than esophageal adenocarcinoma with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This study aimed to examine the association between GERD and the risk of different types of cancer.

Methods: A cohort study was conducted using data from the National Health Screening Cohort.

Short-term effects of national smoking cessation service on smoking-related disease prevalence and healthcare costs: Experience from the National Health Insurance Service Smoking Cessation Intervention Program in Korea.

Introduction: We measured the short-term clinical and economic impacts of the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) smoking cessation program, which subsidizes the cost of pharmacotherapy and medical consultations, by comparing the changes in prevalence and healthcare costs of smoking-related diseases among cessation service users, non-users, and never smokers.

Methods: Smokers who used the cessation service from 2015 to 2017 were included (n=779315). We used claims data from the NHIS, a mandatory, single-payer insurance covering the entire Korean population, to determine the number of patients with selected diseases, their healthcare utilization, and medical costs, and compared these amounts in the one year before and after enrollment.

Combinations of lifestyle behaviors and cancer risk among Korean adults.

Combinations of lifestyle behaviors may lead to different cancer risks. This study aimed to identify the latent classes based on lifestyle behavior trajectories and to investigate the association between these latent classes and cancer risk. Participants in the 2002-2003 National Health Insurance Service general health examination were included.

Role of geographic characteristics in the spatial cluster detection of cancer: Evidence in South Korea, 1999-2013.

Background: Identification of high-risk areas of cancer, referred to as spatial clusters, can inform targeted policies for cancer control. Although cancer cluster detection could be affected by various geographic characteristics including sociodemographic and environmental factors which impacts could also vary over time, studies accounting for such influence remain limited. This study aims to assess the role of geographic characteristics in the spatial cluster detection for lung and stomach cancer over an extended period.

Individual and joint effect of socioeconomic status and lifestyle factors on cancer in Korea.

Background: There is limited evidence on the individual and joint effect of socioeconomic status (SES) and unhealthy lifestyle on cancer. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effects of these factors on cancer incidence and mortality.

Methods: In this population-based cohort study, income was used as the proxy of SES.

Mortality risk according to smoking trajectories after cancer diagnosis among Korean male cancer survivors: A population-based cohort study.

Introduction: Previous research on post-diagnosis smoking among cancer survivors mainly relied on smoking status, which may not fully reflect the impact of changes in smoking levels. This study aimed to evaluate mortality risk according to smoking trajectories among Korean male cancer survivors, using a trajectory approach to comprehensively capture smoking patterns.

Methods: The study included 110555 men diagnosed with cancer between 2002 and 2018 from the Korean National Health Information Database.

Smoking Cessation, Quit Attempts and Predictive Factors among Vietnamese Adults in 2020.

Objective: This study aims to describe the updated smoking cessation and quit attempt rates and associated factors among Vietnamese adults in 2020.

Methods: Data on tobacco use among adults in Vietnam in 2020 was derived from the Provincial Global Adult Tobacco Survey. The participants in the study were people aged 15 and older.

Trajectory of physical activity frequency and cancer risk: Findings from a population-based cohort study.

Background: Physical activity (PA) changes throughout an individual's life, but the association between such changes and cancer risk seems to be overlooked in the literature. Thus, this study aimed to examine the association between the trajectories of PA frequency and cancer incidence among middle-aged Korean adults.

Methods: A total of 1,476,335 eligible participants (992,151 men and 484,184 women) aged ≥40 years from the National Health Insurance Service cohort (2002-2018) were included.