Aromatic and magnetic properties in a series of heavy rare earth-doped Ge cluster anions.

A series of pentagonal bipyramidal anionic germanium clusters doped with heavy rare earth elements, (RE = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu), have been identified at the PBE0/def2-TZVP level using density functional theory (DFT). Our findings reveal that the centrally doped pentagonal ring structure demonstrates enhanced stability and heightened aromaticity due to its uniform bonding characteristics and a larger charge transfer region. Through natural population analysis and spin density diagrams, we observed a monotonic decrease in the magnetic moment from Gd to Yb.

Exploring the stability and aromaticity of rare earth doped tin cluster MSn (M = Sc, Y, La).

Rare earth elements have high chemical reactivity, and doping them into semiconductor clusters can induce novel physicochemical properties. The study of the physicochemical mechanisms of interactions between rare earth and tin atoms will enhance our understanding of rare earth functional materials from a microscopic perspective. Hence, the structure, electronic characteristics, stability, and aromaticity of endohedral cages MSn (M = Sc, Y, La) have been investigated using a combination of the hybrid PBE0 functional, stochastic kicking, and artificial bee colony global search technology.

Making Sense of the Growth Behavior of Ultra-High Magnetic Gd-Doped Silicon Clusters.

The growth behavior, stability, electronic and magnetic properties of the GdSi (n = 3-12) clusters are reported, which are investigated using density functional theory calculations combined with the Saunders 'Kick' and the Artificial Bee Colony algorithm. The lowest-lying structures of GdSi (n = 3-12) are all exohedral structures with two Gd atoms face-capping the Si frameworks. Results show that the pentagonal bipyramid (PB) shape is the basic framework for the nascent growth process of the present clusters, and forming the PB structure begins with n = 5.

A bidirectional association between internet addiction and depression: A large-sample longitudinal study among Chinese university students.

Background: Internet addiction (IA) is associated with adverse consequences, especially for younger people. Evidence indicates that IA is associated with depression, but no studies have yet investigated potential common vulnerability between them.

Methods: IA (measured by the Young's 20-item Internet Addiction Test Scale) and depressive symptoms (measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Scale) among 12 043 undergraduates were surveyed at baseline and at a respective 12 month follow-up for each participant.