The PCOS Phenotype in Unselected Populations study: ethnic variation in population-based normative cut-offs for defining hirsutism.

Objective: Hirsutism, a diagnostic feature of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), is often defined using arbitrary percentile cutoffs, rather than normative cutoffs from population-based data. We aimed to define normative cutoffs for hirsutism in diverse populations.

Design: Unselected population-based cluster analysis of individual participant data (IPD).

Mutational Profiling of Korean Lymphomas and Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Subtype Classification Using Targeted Panel Sequencing.

Background: Lymphoma is a common hematological malignancy with diverse morphological and immunophenotypic characteristics that may affect treatment and outcomes. Thus, accurate differential diagnosis is crucial, and molecular genetic testing is valuable. We aimed to investigate the genetic characteristics of Korean patients with lymphoma using a next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based targeted panel.

Obesity and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

The core pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome involves an overproduction of androgens primarily originating from ovarian thecal cells. Two major external triggers promote androgen overproduction in the ovaries: the increased secretion of luteinizing hormone, a consequence of aberrant hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion dynamics, and compensatory hyperinsulinemia resulting from insulin resistance. Obesity interacts with polycystic ovary syndrome in multiple ways, but a major role of obesity in its pathophysiology is the exacerbation of insulin resistance.

Ezetimibe Enhances Lipid Droplet and Mitochondria Contact Formation, Improving Fatty Acid Transfer and Reducing Lipotoxicity in Alport Syndrome Podocytes.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of Alport syndrome (AS), contributing to podocyte injury and disease progression. Ezetimibe, a lipid-lowering drug, is known to inhibit cholesterol and fatty acid uptake and to reduce triglyceride content in the kidney cortex of mice with AS. However, its effects on lipid droplet (LD) utilization by mitochondria have not been explored.

Spatiotemporal control of neutrophil fate to tune inflammation and repair for myocardial infarction therapy.

Neutrophils are critical mediators of both the initiation and resolution of inflammation after myocardial infarction (MI). Overexuberant neutrophil signaling after MI exacerbates cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac remodeling while neutrophil apoptosis at the injury site promotes macrophage polarization toward a pro-resolving phenotype. Here, we describe a nanoparticle that provides spatiotemporal control over neutrophil fate to both stymie MI pathogenesis and promote healing.

Accelerated bone loss in late reproductive-aged and perimenopausal women with vitamin D insufficiency.

Introduction: The association between serum vitamin D levels and bone mineral density (BMD) varies by race and gender. This study aimed to evaluate this relationship between serum vitamin D levels and BMD, and changes of BMD over time in Korean women.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed data from 586 generally healthy Korean women aged 29-79 who underwent health check-ups at Seoul National University Gangnam Center between 2010 and 2011 (baseline measurement) and 2015-2016 (follow-up).

Feasibility of Circulating Tumor DNA Detection in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients With Central Nervous System Involvement in Large B-Cell Lymphoma.

We explored the utility of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) sequencing as a noninvasive diagnostic tool for detecting central nervous system (CNS) involvement in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Secondary CNS involvement in DLBCL, although rare (~5% of cases), presents diagnostic and prognostic challenges during systemic disease progression or relapse. Effective treatment is impeded by the blood-brain barrier.

Enhancing mutation detection in multiple myeloma with an error-corrected ultra-sensitive NGS assay without plasma cell enrichment.

Background: Risk stratification in multiple myeloma (MM) patients is crucial, and molecular genetic studies play a significant role in achieving this objective. Enrichment of plasma cells for next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis has been employed to enhance detection sensitivity. However, these methods often come with limitations, such as high costs and low throughput.

Transition from homelessness to becoming housed: A qualitative study.

Aim: To explore the transitional experiences of becoming housed from homelessness.

Design: A qualitative descriptive study.

Methods: Data were collected during 2017 and 2018 using a semi-structured interview method with 10 former homeless people who became housed at the time of the study.

Oxysterol-binding protein-like 7 deficiency leads to ER stress-mediated apoptosis in podocytes and proteinuria.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with renal lipid dysmetabolism among a variety of other pathways. We recently demonstrated that oxysterol-binding protein-like 7 (OSBPL7) modulates the expression and function of ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1) in podocytes, a specialized type of cell essential for kidney filtration. Drugs that target OSBPL7 lead to improved renal outcomes in several experimental models of CKD.

Metabolic Analysis and Renal Protective Effects of Linagliptin and Empagliflozin in Alport Syndrome.

Key Points: Linagliptin reduces kidney function decline and extends lifespan in Alport syndrome mice. Inhibiting the generation of glucose metabolites could serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of Alport syndrome.

Background: We previously demonstrated that empagliflozin (Empa), a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor, reduces intrarenal lipid accumulation and slows kidney function decline in experimental Alport syndrome (AS).

A Study on the Retrospective Reinterpretation of BRCA1 and BRCA2 Variants.

Background: Hereditary breast/ovarian cancer is associated with BRCA gene mutations. As large volumes of clinical data on BRCA variants are continuously updated, their clinical interpretation may change, leading to their reclassification. This study analyzed the class and proportion of the changed clinical interpretations of BRCA variants to validate the need for periodic reviews of these variants.

Adolescents diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome under the Rotterdam criteria but not meeting the diagnosis under the updated guideline.

Study Question: What are the characteristics of adolescents diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) based on the 2003 Rotterdam criteria, but who do not meet the diagnosis according to the international evidence-based guideline?

Summary Answer: Adolescents who had features of PCOS but did not meet the evidence-based guideline adolescent criteria exhibited unfavorable metabolic profiles compared to controls and shared considerable metabolic and hormonal features with adolescents who did meet the adolescent criteria.

What Is Known Already: The international evidence-based PCOS guideline recommended that ultrasound should not be used for the diagnosis of PCOS in girls with a gynecological age of <8 years. Thus far, few studies have evaluated the clinical characteristics of the girls diagnosed with PCOS based on the Rotterdam criteria but who do not meet the diagnosis according to the updated guideline.

Achieving Textbook Outcomes after Laparoscopic Resection in Posterosuperior Segments of the Liver: The Impact of the Learning Curve.

Achieving textbook outcomes (TOs) improves the short-term and long-term performance of a hospital. Our objective was to assess TOs in the laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) of tumors in the PS (posterosuperior) section of the liver and identify the impact of the learning curve. We conducted a retrospective cohort study analyzing patients who underwent LLR for lesions located in the PS segments.

Dietary intake is associated with the prevalence of uterine leiomyoma in Korean women: A retrospective cohort study.

Objective: Uterine leiomyoma (UL), the most prevalent benign gynecologic tumor among reproductive-aged women, lacks sufficient research on the potential association between dietary intake and its occurrence in Korean women. Addressing this research gap, this study aims to evaluate the potential link between dietary intake and the prevalence of UL in Korean women.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a cohort of 672 women, aged 23 to 73, were enrolled, with 383 (57%) being premenopausal.

Association Between Aortic Valve Sclerosis and Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential.

Background: The mechanism and medical treatment target for degenerative aortic valve disease, including aortic stenosis, is not well studied. In this study, we investigated the effect of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) on the development of aortic valve sclerosis (AVS), a calcified aortic valve without significant stenosis.

Methods: Participants with AVS (valves ≥2 mm thick, high echogenicity, and a peak transaortic velocity of <2.

Core-Shell Droplet-Based Angiogenic Patches for the Treatment of Ischemic Diseases: Ultrafast Processability, Physical Tunability, and Controlled Delivery of an Angiogenic Cocktail.

The patch-based delivery system has been a promising therapeutic approach for treating various vascular diseases. However, conventional methods face several challenges, including labor-intensive and time-consuming processes associated with patch fabrication or factor incorporation, inadequate physical properties, and uncontrolled release of factors. These limitations restrict the potential applications in clinical settings.

Circulating Tumor DNA Reflects Histologic and Clinical Characteristics of Various Lymphoma Subtypes.

Purpose: We designed and evaluated the clinical performance of a plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) panel of 112 genes in various subtypes of lymphoma.

Materials And Methods: Targeted deep sequencing with an error-corrected algorithm was performed in ctDNA from plasma samples that were collected before treatment in 42 lymphoma patients. Blood buffy coat was utilized as a germline control.