Electrochemical Synthesis of Selenosulfonates from Diselenides and Sulfonyl Hydrazides.

The electrochemical oxidative radical-radical cross-coupling of sulfonyl hydrazides with diselenides for the synthesis of selenosulfonates was successfully accomplished. The method is applicable to a wide range of aromatic/aliphatic sulfonyl hydrazides and diselenides, providing products in good to excellent yields. Notably, this protocol stands out for its green and sustainable nature, as it does not rely on transition metals and oxidizing agents, and the starting materials are cost-effective and readily available.

Electrochemical C(sp)-H/N-H "formal" cross-dehydrogenative coupling of olefins with benzotriazoles for synthesis of -vinyl benzotriazoles.

The paper details an electrochemical method that couples olefins with benzotriazoles to form C(sp)-N bonds, enabling the synthesis of -vinyl benzotriazoles in moderate to good yields. BuNI functions as both an electrolyte and an iodine mediator, and the method does not require oxidants or metals. It is a highly atom-economical and clean reaction, with hydrogen as the sole byproduct.

Electrochemical Synthesis of β-Iodoesters by 1,2-Iodoesterization of Unactivated Alkenes with Carboxylic Acids and Tetrabutylammonium Iodide.

We report a novel and highly selective electrochemical method for the synthesis of β-iodoesters via difunctionalization of alkenes. The reaction is carried out in an undivided cell under constant current conditions without any additives, catalysts, oxidants, and sacrificial reagents. Inexpensive and readily available tetrabutylammonium iodide not only acts as an electrolyte but also serves as an iodine source.

Effects of immuno-related gene polymorphisms on a bispecific antibody targeting colorectal cancer cell.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents the third most common type of cancer and the third leading cause of death from cancer around the world. M701 is a CD3/EpCAM bispecific antibody that shows promising cytotoxicity toward CRC cells.

Aim: To investigate the influence of immuno-related gene polymorphisms on M701 mediated cytotoxicity to CRC cell HCT116.

Polymorphisms in cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase and its effect on drug metabolism and efficacy.

Cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR) has played a potential role in the metabolism of drugs and steroids by supplying electrons to microsomal cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. More than 200 different POR mutations and polymorphisms causing more than 130 amino acid changes in the POR protein have been reported since 2004. A503V is a common amino acid sequence variant encoded by POR*28, whereas A287P and R457H are the most common disease-causing mutations in Europeans and Asians, respectively.

Role of Deficient Mismatch Repair in the Personalized Management of Colorectal Cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents the third most common type of cancer in developed countries and one of the leading causes of cancer deaths worldwide. Personalized management of CRC has gained increasing attention since there are large inter-individual variations in the prognosis and response to drugs used to treat CRC owing to molecular heterogeneity. Approximately 15% of CRCs are caused by deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) characterized by microsatellite instability (MSI) phenotype.

Effect of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase on all-trans-retinoic acid efficacy and cytochrome P450 26A1 expression in human myeloid leukaemia HL-60 cells.

Objectives: All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), a naturally occurring metabolite of vitamin A, has been shown to have great potential as an antitumorigenic drug to treat acute leukaemia by promoting cancer cell differentiation. Cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR) is the only obligate electron donor for all of the microsomal cytochrome P450 enzymes including CYP26A1 which is highly specific for ATRA metabolism and efficacy in human myeloid leukaemia cells. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of POR on ATRA efficacy and CYP26A1 expression in human myeloid leukaemia HL-60 cells.

Epigenetic alternations and cancer chemotherapy response.

Epigenetics, referring to alterations in gene expression without a change in nucleotide sequence in eukaryotes, mainly includes DNA methylation, miRNA and histone modification. In recent years, accumulating evidences have shown that epigenetic aberrations not only play important roles in the initiation and development of human cancers but also affect cancer chemotherapy response by altering the expression of key genes involved in the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs or those correlated with progression or severity of cancers. These epigenetic alterations, along with advanced detecting techniques, have great potential to be used as predictive and prognostic biomarkers for personalized therapy, especially in the field of cancer treatment.