Interleukin-6: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives in Atrial Fibrillation.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a prevalent cardiac arrhythmia with a multifactorial pathophysiology involving electrical, structural, and autonomic remodeling of the atria. AF is closely associated with elevated interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, which contribute to atrial remodeling and the progression of AF. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which IL-6 promotes AF through inflammatory pathways, atrial fibrosis, electrical remodeling, and calcium mishandling.

Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of .

The genus is one of the world's largest monocot genera. However, few reports on the complete chloroplast genome of plants are reported. In this study, we reported the complete chloroplast genome of .