Single-cell multi-omics identify novel regulators required for osteoclastogenesis during aging.

Age-related osteoporosis manifests as a complex pathology that disrupts bone homeostasis and elevates fracture risk, yet the mechanisms facilitating age-related shifts in bone marrow macrophages/osteoclasts (BMMs/OCs) lineage are not fully understood. To decipher these mechanisms, we conducted an investigation into the determinants controlling BMMs/OCs differentiation. We performed single-cell multi-omics profiling on bone marrow samples from mice of different ages (1, 6, and 20 months) to gain a holistic understanding of cellular changes across time.

Autocrine VEGF-B signaling maintains lipid synthesis and mitochondrial fitness to support T cell immune responses.

T cells rewire their metabolic activities to meet the demand of immune responses, but how to coordinate the immune response by metabolic regulators in activated T cells is unknown. Here, we identified autocrine VEGF-B as a metabolic regulator to control lipid synthesis and maintain the integrity of the mitochondrial inner membrane for the survival of activated T cells. Disruption of autocrine VEGF-B signaling in T cells reduced cardiolipin mass, resulting in mitochondrial damage, with increased apoptosis and reduced memory development.

Clinical Performance of SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM Tests Using an Automated Chemiluminescent Assay.

Serology tests for viral antibodies provide an important tool to support nucleic acid testing for diagnosis of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and is useful for documenting previous exposures to SARS-CoV-2, the etiological agent of COVID-19. The sensitivities of the chemiluminescent SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM immunoassay were assessed by using serum samples collected from 728 patients testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The specificity was evaluated on a panel of 60 serum samples from non-COVID-19 patients with high levels of rheumatoid factor, antinuclear antibody, or antibodies against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), mycoplasma pneumonia, human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus, influenza A or influenza B.

Pathogenic characteristics of sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples from patients with lower respiratory tract infection in a large teaching hospital in China: a retrospective study.

Background: Lower respiratory tract infection (LRIs) is very common both in terms of community-acquired infection and hospital-acquired infection. Sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) are the most important specimens obtained from patients with LRI. The choice of antibiotic with which to treat LRI usually depends on the antimicrobial sensitivity of bacteria isolated from sputum and BALF.

Unconjugated bilirubin ameliorates the inflammation and digestive protease increase in TNBS-induced colitis.

The authors previously demonstrated that unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) may inhibit the activities of various digestive proteases, including trypsin and chymotrypsin. The digestive proteases in the lower gut are important in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases. The effects of UCB on the inflammation and levels of digestive proteases in feces of rats with colitis have not yet been revealed.