Activation of hydrogen peroxide, persulfate, and free chlorine by steel anode for treatment of municipal and livestock wastewater: Unravelling the role of oxidants speciation.

Despite the extensive application of electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) in wastewater treatment, the exact speciation of oxidants and their effects on pollutants removal efficiency, by-products formation, and effluent toxicity are largely unknown. In this study, galvanostatic steel anodes were used to drive the electrochemical activation of hydrogen peroxide (EAHP), persulfate (EAP), and free chlorine (EAFC), for industrial-scale treatment of municipal and livestock wastewater with a focus on micropollutants and transformation products (MTPs) and effluent toxicity. Response surface methodology determined the optimized conditions for each treatment towards total organic carbon ([TOC] = 180 mg/L) removal at pH 3.

A Sensitive Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method Based on Derivatization with 1-Nitro-2-Naphthaldehyde for Determination of Alkylhydrazines in Surface Water.

Background: Alkylhydrazines are widely used in industrial fields. An analysis of alkylhydrazines in surface water is needed because these chemicals are likely to be discharged into wastewater and enter aquatic environments.

Objective: An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method was developed to determine the levels of five alkylhydrazines (N, N-dimethylhydrazine, ethylhydrazine, 1-isopropylhydrazine, phenylhydrazine, and 1-methyl-1-phenylhydrazine) in surface water.