Impact of water temperature on oxidative stress and intestinal microbiota in pearl-spot chromis, Chromis notata (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843).

Water temperature is an abiotic factor influencing fish metabolism and physiological responses. As poikilothermic creatures, fish are notable sensitivity to fluctuations in water temperature, which also significantly influences intestinal microbial proliferation. This study aimed to investigate the impact of both low (8 °C) and high (28 °C) water temperatures on oxidative stress and the intestinal microbiota of Chromis notata, a species that has recently migrated northward owing to changes in sea water temperature.

Pirfenidone Alleviates Inflammation and Fibrosis of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome by Modulating the Transforming Growth Factor-β/Smad Signaling Pathway.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) occurs as an acute onset condition, and patients present with diffuse alveolar damage, refractory hypoxemia, and non-cardiac pulmonary edema. ARDS progresses through an initial exudative phase, an inflammatory phase, and a final fibrotic phase. Pirfenidone, a powerful anti-fibrotic agent, is known as an agent that inhibits the progression of fibrosis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Hyposalinity elicits physiological responses and alters intestinal microbiota in Korean rockfish Sebastes schlegelii.

Global warming significantly impacts aquatic ecosystems, with changes in the salt environment negatively affecting the physiological responses of fish. We investigated the impact of hyposalinity on the physiological responses and intestinal microbiota of Sebastes schlegelii under the context of increased freshwater influx due to climate change. We focused on the osmoregulatory capacity, oxidative stress responses, and alterations in the intestinal microbiome of S.

Effects of red-light irradiation and melatonininjection on the antioxidant capacity and occurrence of apoptosis in abalones (Haliotis discus hannai) subjected to thermal stress.

High ocean temperatures caused by global warming induce oxidative stress in aquatic organisms. Melatonin treatment and irradiation using red light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been reported to reduce oxidative stress in a few aquatic organisms. However, the effects of red LED irradiation and melatonin injection on the antioxidant capacity and degree of apoptosis in abalones, which are nocturnal organisms, have not yet been reported.

Melatonin injection and red light irradiation affect the antioxidant response and cell damage in disk abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) exposed to high water temperatures.

The effects of red light-emitting diode (LED) light irradiation (630 nm, 0.5 W/m) and melatonin (10 and 10M) on oxidative stress and physiological responses in abalones exposed to high temperatures (28°C) were investigated. Changes in messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of melatonin receptor (MT-R), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and antioxidant enzymes, as well as alterations in HO levels in the hemolymph, were examined.

The Roles of Circadian Clock Genes in Plant Temperature Stress Responses.

Plants monitor day length and memorize changes in temperature signals throughout the day, creating circadian rhythms that support the timely control of physiological and metabolic processes. The () transcription factors are known as master regulators for the acquisition of cold stress tolerance, whereas () is involved in plant adaptation to heat stress through thermomorphogenesis. Recent studies have shown that circadian clock genes control plant responses to temperature.

Toxic effects of polystyrene microbeads and benzo[α]pyrene on bioaccumulation, antioxidant response, and cell damage in goldfish Carassius auratus.

Microplastics (MP) are harmful, causing stress in aquatic species and acting as carriers of hydrophobicity. In aquatic environments, benzo[α]pyrene (BaP) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical that accumulates in the body and causes toxic reactions in living organisms. We investigated the effects of single and combined microbead (MB) and BaP environments on goldfish antioxidant response and apoptosis.

Gene editing of authentic generates dihydroflavonol-accumulating Chinese cabbage.

Flavonols are the major class of flavonoids of green Chinese cabbage ( subsp. ). The genome harbors seven genes (s), but they have not been functionally characterized.

Exposure to bisphenol A and fiber-type microplastics induce oxidative stress and cell damage in disk abalone Haliotis discus hannai: Bioaccumulation and toxicity.

Along with environmental pollution caused by rapid economic development and industrialization, plastic waste is emerging as a global concern in relation to marine ecosystems and human health. Among the microplastics, fiber-type microfibers (MF) and bisphenol A (BPA), which are widely used as plasticizers, do not decompose well in the ocean, and tend to accumulate in organisms, generating an increased oxidative stress response. This study investigated the abalones' antioxidant and cell death responses following exposure to the environmental pollutants MF and BPA.

Effects of microfiber and bead microplastic exposure in the goldfish Carassius auratus: Bioaccumulation, antioxidant responses, and cell damage.

We confirmed antioxidant-related gene expression, bioaccumulation, and cell damage following exposure to various microplastics in vivo and in vitro in the goldfish Carassius auratus. Exposure of C. auratus to a 500 µm fiber-type microplastic environment (MF; 10 and 100 fibers/L) and two sizes (0.

Micro-polystyrene plastic and benzo[α]pyrene exposure affects the endocrine system and causes physiological stress in Carassius auratus.

Microplastics, owing to their hydrophobic properties and the various chemicals used in their production, can act as carriers of persistent organic pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In this study, we exposed the goldfish Carassius auratus to benzo[α]pyrene (BaP, 10 μg/L), a representative PAH, and micro-polystyrene plastic (MP; 10 and 100 beads/L), of size 1.0 μm, as a single or complex environmental stressor, and evaluated the stress response and the resulting DNA damage.

Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Disk Abalone () Caused by Water Temperature and pH Changes.

Ocean warming and acidification can induce oxidative stress in marine species, resulting in cellular damage and apoptosis. However, the effects of pH and water temperature conditions on oxidative stress and apoptosis in disk abalone are poorly understood. This study investigated, for the first time, the effects of different water temperatures (15, 20, and 25 °C) and pH levels (7.

Modeling of three-dimensional innervated epidermal like-layer in a microfluidic chip-based coculture system.

Reconstruction of skin equivalents with physiologically relevant cellular and matrix architecture is indispensable for basic research and industrial applications. As skin-nerve crosstalk is increasingly recognized as a major element of skin physiological pathology, the development of reliable in vitro models to evaluate the selective communication between epidermal keratinocytes and sensory neurons is being demanded. In this study, we present a three-dimensional innervated epidermal keratinocyte layer as a sensory neuron-epidermal keratinocyte co-culture model on a microfluidic chip using the slope-based air-liquid interfacing culture and spatial compartmentalization.

Transcriptome and QTL mapping analyses of major QTL genes controlling glucosinolate contents in vegetable- and oilseed-type plants.

Glucosinolates (GSLs) are secondary metabolites providing defense against pathogens and herbivores in plants, and anti-carcinogenic activity against human cancer cells. Profiles of GSLs vary greatly among members of genus . In this study, we found that a reference line of Chinese cabbage ( ssp.

Analyzing angiogenesis on a chip using deep learning-based image processing.

Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from existing vessels, has been associated with more than 70 diseases. Although numerous studies have established angiogenesis models, only a few indicators can be used to analyze angiogenic structures. In the present study, we developed an image-processing pipeline based on deep learning to analyze and quantify angiogenesis.

Synthetic microfiber exposure negatively affects reproductive parameters in male medaka (Oryzias latipes).

Microplastics not only accumulate in the bodies of fishes and cause damage to the organs, but also cause many other problems, such as reduced reproductive capacity, by acting directly or indirectly on the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis (HPG axis). In this study, we investigated the changes in HPG axis-related genes in male medaka (Oryzias latipes) exposed to fiber-type microplastics. We confirmed the progression of vitellogenesis, a sign of endocrine disruption, in male fish.

Combinatorial transient gene expression strategies to enhance terpenoid production in plants.

Introduction: The monoterpenoid linalool and sesquiterpenoid costunolide are ubiquitous plant components that have been economically exploited for their respective essential oils and pharmaceutical benefits. In general, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes are produced by the plastid 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) and cytosolic mevalonate (MVA) pathways, respectively. Herein, we investigated the individual and combinatorial potential of MEP and MVA pathway genes in increasing linalool and costunolide production in .

Effects of microfiber exposure on medaka (Oryzias latipes): Oxidative stress, cell damage, and mortality.

Fiber-type microplastics are major anthropogenic contaminants of marine environments. They are released mainly during cloth washing and are discharged from wastewater treatment plants into aquatic environments. This study aimed to evaluate whether microfiber exposure causes oxidative stress and cell damage in medaka (Oryzias latipes Temminck and Schlegel 1846).

Induction of Nanog in neural progenitor cells for adaptive regeneration of ischemic brain.

NANOG plays a key role in cellular plasticity and the acquisition of the stem cell state during reprogramming, but its role in the regenerative process remains unclear. Here, we show that the induction of NANOG in neuronal cells is necessary for the physiological initiation of neuronal regeneration in response to ischemic stress. Specifically, we found that NANOG was preferentially expressed in undifferentiated neuronal cells, and forced expression of Nanog in neural progenitor cells (NPCs) promoted their self-renewing expansion both in ex-vivo slice cultures and in vitro limiting dilution analysis.

Early Time-Restricted Eating Reduces Weight and Improves Glycemic Response in Young Adults: A Pre-Post Single-Arm Intervention Study.

Introduction: Time-restricted eating (TRE) has cardiometabolic health benefits by optimizing circadian rhythms. However, limited data are available on the effect of early TRE in young adults. The objective of this pre-post single-arm trial was to test the effect of TRE on body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors and to evaluate changes in meal and sleep timing by TRE among young adults with typically late bedtime.

Characteristics of COVID-19 outbreaks and risk factors for transmission at an army training center in South Korea from June to August 2021.

Objectives: It is crucial to establish the characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks at army training centers to develop preventive measures. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the COVID-19 transmission patterns and risk factors in a sequence of outbreaks at an army training center from June to August 2021.

Methods: This study included 1,324 trainees at an army training center where outbreaks occurred from June to August 2021.

Apigetrin Promotes TNFα-Induced Apoptosis, Necroptosis, G2/M Phase Cell Cycle Arrest, and ROS Generation through Inhibition of NF-κB Pathway in Hep3B Liver Cancer Cells.

Apigetrin (7-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-4',5-dihydroxyflavone), a glycoside bioactive dietary flavonoid derived from and is known to possess anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects on numerous cancers. In the present study, we examined the effect of apigetrin in Hep3B hepatocellular cancer cell line (HCC). Apigetrin inhibited cell growth and proliferation of Hep3B cells, as confirmed by MTT and colony formation assay.

Phylogenomics-Based Reconstruction and Molecular Evolutionary Histories of Brassica Photoreceptor Gene Families.

Photosensory proteins known as photoreceptors (PHRs) are crucial for delineating light environments in synchronization with other environmental cues and regulating their physiological variables in plants. However, this has not been well studied in the Brassica genus, which includes several important agricultural and horticultural crops. Herein, we identified five major PHR gene families-phytochrome (PHY), cryptochrome (CRY), phototropin (PHOT), F-box containing flavin binding proteins (ZTL/FKF1/LKP2), and UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8)-genomic scales and classified them into subfamilies based on their phylogenetic clustering with Arabidopsis homologues.