Preoperative ultrasonography parathyroid gland mapping can improve identification of normal parathyroid gland during thyroidectomy: A propensity score-matched case-control study.

Background: Accurate intraoperative identification of normal parathyroid glands (PTGs) is vital to avoid hypocalcemia post total thyroidectomy. Although ultrasonography (US) has been shown to identify normal PTGs, the significance of preoperative US PTG mapping in this context is not well studied. This study evaluated the impact of preoperative US PTG mapping on intraoperative identification of normal PTGs during total thyroidectomy.

Ultrasound malignancy risk stratification of thyroid nodules based on the degree of hypoechogenicity and echotexture.

Objectives: The ultrasound (US) lexicon of nodule echogenicity and echotexture is one of the major differences among various risk stratification systems of thyroid nodules. This study aimed to stratify the US malignancy risk of thyroid nodules based on their degree of hypoechogenicity and echotexture.

Material And Methods: This retrospective study included a total of 2255 consecutive thyroid nodules (≥ 1 cm) with final diagnoses (malignancy rate, 13%) from 2011 to 2016.

Total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein and triglyceride for cardiovascular disease in elderly patients treated with metformin.

Metformin reduces total cholesterol level, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level, blood glucose level and increases high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level associated with cardiovascular disease. We evaluated effect of metformin on lipid profile in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes aged 64 years or older. We retrospectively examined 307 outpatients treated with metformin in a hospital setting with a follow-up period of 4.