Feasibility of circular fermentation as a new strategy to accelerate fermentation and enhance flavor of Antarctic krill paste.

A recycled fermented shrimp paste made by adding old shrimp paste (Antarctic krill paste that has been fermented for 28 T in a room temperature location) and fermenting it again for 28 days. To investigate the changes in their physicochemical indices: water content, volatile salt base nitrogen, malondialdehyde content, protein content and total colony count during fermentation. The flavour substances of shrimp paste samples at the 28 T were investigated by GC-IMS, and the results showed that 31 volatile components were determined.

Neutralizing Antibody Responses against Five SARS-CoV-2 Variants and T Lymphocyte Change after Vaccine Breakthrough Infections from the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 Variant in Tianjin, China: A Prospective Study.

Objective: To investigate whether Omicron BA.1 breakthrough infection after receiving the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine could create a strong immunity barrier.

Methods: Blood samples were collected at two different time points from 124 Omicron BA.

A Cell-Based Optimised Approach for Rapid and Efficient Gene Editing of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells.

Introducing or correcting disease-causing mutations through genome editing in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) followed by tissue-specific differentiation provide sustainable models of multiorgan diseases, such as cystic fibrosis (CF). However, low editing efficiency resulting in extended cell culture periods and the use of specialised equipment for fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) make hPSC genome editing still challenging. We aimed to investigate whether a combination of cell cycle synchronisation, single-stranded oligodeoxyribonucleotides, transient selection, manual clonal isolation, and rapid screening can improve the generation of correctly modified hPSCs.

The CF Canada-Sick Kids Program in individual CF therapy: A resource for the advancement of personalized medicine in CF.

Background: Therapies targeting certain CFTR mutants have been approved, yet variations in clinical response highlight the need for in-vitro and genetic tools that predict patient-specific clinical outcomes. Toward this goal, the CF Canada-Sick Kids Program in Individual CF Therapy (CFIT) is generating a "first of its kind", comprehensive resource containing patient-specific cell cultures and data from 100 CF individuals that will enable modeling of therapeutic responses.

Methods: The CFIT program is generating: 1) nasal cells from drug naïve patients suitable for culture and the study of drug responses in vitro, 2) matched gene expression data obtained by sequencing the RNA from the primary nasal tissue, 3) whole genome sequencing of blood derived DNA from each of the 100 participants, 4) induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) generated from each participant's blood sample, 5) CRISPR-edited isogenic control iPSC lines and 6) prospective clinical data from patients treated with CF modulators.

Gαi3-Dependent Inhibition of JNK Activity on Intracellular Membranes.

Heterotrimeric G-protein signaling has been shown to modulate a wide variety of intracellular signaling pathways, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family. The activity of one MAPK family class, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), has been traditionally linked to the activation of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) at the plasma membrane. Using a unique set of G-protein signaling tools developed in our laboratory, we show that subcellular domain-specific JNK activity is inhibited by the activation of Gαi3, the Gαi isoform found predominantly within intracellular membranes, such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi interface, and their associated vesicle pools.

The correlation between serum HBsAg levels and viral loads depends upon wild-type and mutated HBV sequences rather than the HBeAg/anti-HBe status.

Despite several studies regarding the correlation between serum HBsAg titers and viral loads, the association remains uncertain. Eighty-nine individuals were selected randomly from a Chinese cohort of 2,258 subjects infected persistently with hepatitis B virus (HBV) for cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis. Viral loads of mutant HBV are lower than those of wild type HBV.

The Effect of HBV Genotype C on the Development of HCC Differs Between Wild-Type Viruses and Those With BCP Double Mutations (T(1762)A(1764)).

Background: Association of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype C with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development remains controversial. HBV basal core promoter (BCP) double mutations (T(1762)A(1764)) are very strong confounding factors of genotypes B and C in HCC development.

Objectives: To investigate the association of HBV genotype C with HCC development after controlling for BCP double mutations.

[Distribution of HIV-1 subtypes in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 2008-2009].

Objective: To understand the distribution of HIV-1 subtypes in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.

Methods: 294 participants who were infected by HIV-1 in 2008 - 2009 and residing in 13 cities in Guangxi were enrolled into this study. Epidemiological information showed that heterosexual transmission was the main transmitting route.

Combined core promoter mutations and pre-S deletion of HBV may not increase the risk of HCC: a geographical epidemiological study in Guangxi, China.

Background: Although persistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the mechanisms of oncogenesis remain obscure.

Aims: To determine whether the findings that HBV basal core promoter (BCP) A1762T, G1764A double mutations, pre-S deletions and a combination of both are risk factors of HCC are supported by geographical epidemiology.

Methods: Study subjects were recruited from Long An county, where the incidence of HCC is the highest, and five other counties in Guangxi, where the HCC incidence is lower and varies among them.

Hepatitis B virus candidate subgenotype I1 varies in distribution throughout Guangxi, China and may have originated in Long An county, Guangxi.

Sequencing of the complete hepatitis B virus (HBV) genomes from Vietnam, China and Laos led to the identification of a complex recombinant, referred to initially as an aberrant genotype and later proposed to be a new genotype, I. However, epidemiological data regarding this new genotype are lacking. A cross-sectional study was carried out to investigate the epidemiology of HBV candidate genotype I in Guangxi, China using stratified, random cluster sampling.

Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in a highly endemic area of southern China after catch-up immunization.

The Chinese national goals for control of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection were to achieve a prevalence of HBsAg below 7% for the entire population, and 1% for children under 5-year old, by 2010. To determine whether Guangxi, a multi-minority province with a low socio-economic status and a very high prevalence of HBV, achieved this goal, a seroepidemiological survey of HBV infection was carried out using stratified, random cluster sampling. The results show that the overall prevalence of HBsAg is 9.

[Surveillance and research on acute meningitis, encephalitis syndrome in Guangxi, China].

Objective: To estimate disease burden and epidemiological characteristics of acute meningitis/encephalitis, and provide the basis for the disease control strategy development.

Methods: A syndrome surveillance system was established in Guigang city with a population of 5 020 000. For the suspected cases, serum and CSF were collected, and bacterial culture, latex agglutination test, real-time PCR and ELISA tests were carried out.

[On-site assessment on the definition and classification of suspected cases in the manual of WHO Japanese Encephalitis Surveillance Standards].

Objective: To assess the new edition of WHO Japanese Encephalitis (JE) Surveillance Standards (WHO Standards) based on syndrome surveillance data and to provide field evidence regarding the standards.

Methods: Based on syndrome surveillance data, acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) case was categorized, according to the WHO Standards. A cohort study was applied to estimate the AES definition set in the Standard and relative risk was computed to estimate the existence and intensity of statistical correlation between AES and JE cases.

[Analysis of human rabies high-occurrence factors in Guangxi from 2004 to 2008].

Objective: Analysis the epidemiological characteristics on rabies cases occurred in Guangxi from 2004 to 2008 and summarize the result of healthy-dog infection rabies virus investigation from 2006 to 2008. Exploring the high-occurrence and correlated factors on rabies in Guangxi.

Methods: Data collected from the National Disease Surveillance System and the National Active Surveillance System for Rabies from 2004 to 2008 and Data of healthy-dog infection rabies virus investigation from 2006 to 2008 were analyzed.

A complex hepatitis B virus (X/C) recombinant is common in Long An county, Guangxi and may have originated in southern China.

Recently, a complex (X/C) hepatitis B virus (HBV) recombinant, first reported in 2000, was proposed as a new genotype; although this was refuted immediately because the strains differ by less than 8 % in nucleotide distance from genotype C. Over 13.5 % (38/281) of HBV isolates from the Long An cohort in China were not assigned to a specific genotype, using current genotyping tools to analyse surface ORF sequences, and these have about 98 % similarity to the X/C recombinants.

[Epidemiological characteristics of meningococcal meningitis in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region during 1996 and 2007].

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of meningococcal meningitis and provide evidences for disease control.

Method: The method of descriptive epidemiology has been used to analyze the data collected.

Results: A total of 419 cases were reported with meningococcal meningitis between 1996-2007, annual incidence rate was 0.

[A prospective study of the relationship between serum hepatitis B virus DNA and the risk of primary liver cancer].

Objective: To determine the relationship between the serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA and the risk of primary liver cancer (PLC).

Methods: Farmers aged 30 to 55 years in Long An county were recruited in this study Blood samples were collected and the sera were tested for HBsAg using Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA), and the HBsAg-positive sera were further tested for viral DNA using nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR). The study subjects were divided into three groups.

[Expression of recombinant rubella virus E1 protein and initial application for detecting of antibody].

Objective: To apply recombinant rubella virus envelope protein-1 (E1) to detect human rubella virus IgG antibody.

Methods: Rubella virus E1 protein was expressed in E. coli, purified E1 protein was used as the antigen for the detecting of anti rubella in human sera in the way of enzyme linked Immunosorbant assay (ELISA).

The association of HBV core promoter double mutations (A1762T and G1764A) with viral load differs between HBeAg positive and anti-HBe positive individuals: a longitudinal analysis.

Background/aims: Although there have been a few reports regarding the effect of basal core promoter (BCP) double mutations (A1762T and G1764A) on hepatitis B viral loads, the association remains uncertain. We aim to determine the association after controlling for HBeAg - a strong confounding factor.

Methods: We selected randomly 190 individuals from a Chinese cohort of 2258 subjects for cross-sectional analysis and 56 of the 190 for longitudinal analysis of viral loads.

Hepatitis B virus pre-S deletion mutations are a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma: a matched nested case-control study.

A matched nested case-control study of 33 paired cases and controls was conducted, based on a study cohort in Long An county, Guangxi, China, to determine whether infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) with pre-S deletions is independently associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), without the confounding effects of basal core promoter (BCP) double mutations. The prevalence of pre-S deletions was significantly higher in HCC (45.5 %, 15 of 33) than the controls (18.

HBV A1762T, G1764A mutations are a valuable biomarker for identifying a subset of male HBsAg carriers at extremely high risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective study.

Objectives: Surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can detect small tumors for resection but at a huge cost of health resources. The challenge is to reduce the surveillance population. We reported that 96% of HCC patients but only 24% of controls were infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) with A(1762)T, G(1764)A mutations in Guangxi, China.

[Dynamic study on the anti-HBs level of immunized children born to HBsAg-positive and HBsAg-negative mothers in hyperendemic area of hepatitis B].

Objective: To investigate the dynamic changes of the anti-HBs level among immunized newborn infants born to HBsAg-positive and HBsAg-negative mothers in hyper-endemic area of Hepatitis B.

Methods: Infants who were regularly vaccinated with Hepatitis B vaccine and tested to be anti-HBs positive were divided into two groups according to HBsAg-positive or negative mothers in Long-an, Guangxi. Each subject was followed up 3 times during age 5 to 8.

[Study on the variations of hepatitis B virus status among people having received hepatitis B vaccine].

Objective: To study the epidemiological pattern and trends of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the area where people had been immunized by HBV vaccine for long time.

Methods: Through cluster sampling and cross-sectional study, relative information and blood samples from people in Long-an county by families were collected. Signals of HBV infection were tested by solid-phase reverse immunosorbent test.

[Variations of hepatitis B virus infection epidemic pattern after long-term HBV vaccine immunization].

Objective: To study the epidemic pattern and trend of HBV infection in the area where the people had been immunized by HBV vaccine for 20 years.

Methods: The whole sampling method was applied in combination with cross-sectional investigation. Blood samples were taken from every member of families.

Immunization against Japanese encephalitis in China: a policy analysis.

This study examined the impact of Japanese encephalitis (JE) immunization policies on disease trends in China. Through a document review and key source interviews in eight provinces, the study found, JE immunizations were provided via a combination of fee-for-service and government funding. Unequal government funding and unbalanced economic development led to variation in JE incidence levels between provinces.