Efficacy of pH-Responsive Surface Functionalized Titanium Screws in Treating Implant-associated S. aureus Osteomyelitis with Biofilms Formation.

Implant-associated Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) osteomyelitis (IASO) leads to high orthopedic implant failure rates due to the formation of Staphylococcal abscess community within the bone marrow and bacterial colonization in the osteocyte lacuno-canalicular network (OLCN). To address this, antimicrobial peptides (HHC36)-loaded titania nanotubes (NTs) are developed on titanium screws (Ti-NTs-P-A), which integrate pH-responsive polymethacrylic acid to control HHC36 release for eradicating bacteria in IASO.

IdopNetwork as a genomic predictor of drug response.

Despite being challenging, elucidating the systematic control mechanisms of multifactorial drug responses is crucial for pharmacogenomic research. We describe a new form of statistical mechanics to reconstruct informative, dynamic, omnidirectional, and personalized networks (idopNetworks), which cover all pharmacogenomic factors and their interconnections, interdependence, and mechanistic roles. IdopNetworks can characterize how cell-cell crosstalk is mediated by genes and proteins to shape body-drug interactions and identify key roadmaps of information flow and propagation for determining drug efficacy and toxicity.

Exosomal miRNA reprogramming in pyroptotic macrophage drives silica-induced fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition and pulmonary fibrosis.

Silicosis is an occupational lung disease characterized by progressive pulmonary fibrosis, threatening millions of occupational workers worldwide due to a lack of effective treatments. To unveil mechanisms underlying silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis, we established in vitro and in vivo silicosis models, then employed scRNA-sequencing to profile the cellular landscape of lung tissues followed by characterization of macrophage pyroptosis and exosome therefrom in driving fibroblast-to-myofibroblast-transdifferentiation. Using hyperspectral imaging and artificial intelligence-powered pathological recognition, we found that silica nanoparticle (SiNP) triggered progressive lung fibrosis in vivo, and scRNA-seq implicated interstitial macrophage as pivotal regulators for fibroblast transdifferentiation.

Dual-band ESSPP-SSPP transmission line with independently controllable cutoff frequencies.

In this work, an effective spoof surface plasmon polariton (ESSPP)-SSPP transmission line (TL) is proposed, which can operate in dual bands. Unlike SSPP TL, our ESSPP-SSPP TL allows for relatively accurate parameter estimation, independent control over each cutoff frequency, and low insertion loss. We provided the dispersion relation and closed-form formulas for calculating each cutoff frequency and explained the mechanism behind the independent controllability of each cutoff frequency.

Assessment of pharmacokinetics and tolerability following single-dose administration of molnupiravir in participants with hepatic or renal impairment.

Individuals with chronic liver or kidney disease are at increased risk of severe COVID-19. Molnupiravir is an orally administered antiviral authorized for the treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in adults at risk of progression to severe disease. Two nonrandomized, open-label, single-dose, multicenter, phase 1 trials were conducted to investigate the effects of hepatic and renal impairment on the tolerability and pharmacokinetics of molnupiravir (800 mg) and its metabolite β-D-N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC; NCT05386589/NCT05386758).

Cytokine correlations in childhood-onset rheumatic diseases with pulmonary involvement.

Background: There was less research about cytokines in lung involvement of childhood-onset rheumatic diseases (RD) patients.

Objective: In this investigation, blood levels of 12 cytokines were tested in order to explore their associations with lung involvement in newly diagnosed childhood-onset RD patients.

Methods: High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were performed on 53 newly diagnosed RD patients without any treatment in our department between July 2021 and December 2023.

A real-world pharmacovigilance study of FDA Adverse Event Reporting System events for pralsetinib.

Background: Pralsetinib, a selective oral inhibitor of rearranged during transfection (RET) fusion proteins and oncogenic RET mutants, has shown significant efficacy in treating RET fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer and thyroid cancer. However, since pralsetinib was approved in the United States in September 2020, there have been limited reports of post-marketing adverse events (AEs). In this study, we aimed to analyze the AE signals with pralsetinib on the basis of the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) to provide instructions in clinical practice.

Research Progress on Peptide Drugs for Type 2 Diabetes and the Possibility of Oral Administration.

Diabetes is a global disease that can lead to a range of complications. Currently, the treatment of type 2 diabetes focuses on oral hypoglycemic drugs and insulin analogues. Studies have shown that drugs such as oral metformin are useful in the treatment of diabetes but can limit the liver's ability to release sugar.

Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence Factors, and Genetic Diversity of from Wenzhou, China.

species are important foodborne pathogens worldwide. pathogenicity is associated with multiple virulence factors and enhanced antimicrobial resistance. To determine the molecular characteristics and genetic correlations of , 24 strains of isolated from different sources (raw poultry, human stool, and food) in the Wenzhou area were investigated to determine the distribution of antimicrobial resistance and virulence determinants using whole-genome sequencing (WGS).

Simultaneously Detecting the Power and Temperature of a Microwave Sensor via the Quantum Technique.

This study introduces a novel method for the simultaneous detection of microwave sensor power and temperature, leveraging nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers as a robust quantum system. Through precise measurement of the optical detection magnetic resonance contrast in NV centers, the microwave power is accurately determined. Furthermore, the temperature of the sensor is obtained by monitoring the variations in zero-field splitting and thorough spectral analysis.

Correction: Jin et al. A pH-Responsive DNA Tetrahedron/Methotrexate Drug Delivery System Used for Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment. . 2023, , 541.

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Light-Mediated Interconversion between a Foldamer and a Self-Replicator.

Self-replicating molecules and well-defined folded macromolecules are of great significance in the emergence and evolution of life. How they may interconnect and affect each other remains largely elusive. Here, we demonstrate an abiotic system where a single building block can oligomerize to yield either a self-replicating molecule or a foldamer.

Maximizing Nash Social Welfare Based on Greedy Algorithm and Estimation of Distribution Algorithm.

The Nash social welfare (NSW) problem is relevant not only to the economic domain but also extends its applicability to the field of computer science. However, maximizing Nash social welfare is an APX-hard problem. In this study, we propose two approaches to enhance the maximization of Nash social welfare.

H©CuH: a covalently bonded planar pentacoordinate hydrogen star.

A hydrocopper H©CuH star with planar pentacoordinate hydrogen (ppH) was designed. This structure is the global minimum, exhibiting dynamic stability. Its planar geometry is supported by five peripheral Cu-H-Cu 3c-2e σ-bonds and a central 6c-2e σ-bond.

Adipocyte promotes adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance by modulating macrophages in obesity.

Adipose tissue inflammation is now considered to be a key process underlying metabolic diseases in obese individuals. However, it remains unclear how adipose inflammation is initiated and maintained or the mechanism by which inflammation develops. We found that () expression in adipose tissue is progressively increased with the development of dietary obesity in obese mice and humans.

Calcium bridges built by mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes: potential targets for neural repair in neurological diseases.

The exchange of information and materials between organelles plays a crucial role in regulating cellular physiological functions and metabolic levels. Mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes serve as physical contact channels between the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and the mitochondrial outer membrane, formed by various proteins and protein complexes. This microstructural domain mediates several specialized functions, including calcium (Ca2+) signaling, autophagy, mitochondrial morphology, oxidative stress response, and apoptosis.

A study on color visual perception of museum exhibition space based on eye movement experiments.

Color is an essential element in the exhibition space of museums, influencing people's visual experience. To quantitatively study the relationship between color and individual visual perception in museum exhibition spaces, the study used eye-tracking technology combined with a questionnaire, exploring the relationship between color and visual perception in the exhibition environments of history museums in terms of hue, saturation, and brightness of color. Taking the Ruijin Central Revolutionary Base in Jiangxi Province as a historical display space for research, the results show that when the saturation is 69-77%, or the hue is red (0°H), the exhibited.