Readmission to a non-index hospital following total joint replacement.

Aims: It is unclear whether mortality outcomes differ for patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgery who are readmitted to the index hospital where their surgery was performed, or to another hospital.

Methods: We analyzed linked hospital and death records for residents of New South Wales, Australia, aged ≥ 18 years who had an emergency readmission within 90 days following THA or TKA surgery between 2003 and 2022. Multivariable modelling was used to identify factors associated with non-index readmission and to evaluate associations of readmission destination (non-index vs index) with 90-day and one-year mortality.

Estimating incidence rates of periprosthetic joint infection after hip and knee arthroplasty for osteoarthritis using linked registry and administrative health data.

Aims: The aim of this study was to estimate the 90-day periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) rates following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA) for osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods: This was a data linkage study using the New South Wales (NSW) Admitted Patient Data Collection (APDC) and the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR), which collect data from all public and private hospitals in NSW, Australia. Patients who underwent a TKA or THA for OA between 1 January 2002 and 31 December 2017 were included.

Loss of Productivity-Adjusted Life-Years in Working-Age Australians Due to Knee Osteoarthritis: A Life-Table Modeling Approach.

Objective: Productivity-adjusted life-years (PALYs) offers a novel approach for quantifying the productivity burden of chronic conditions at the population level over the working lifespan. This study was undertaken to estimate the productivity burden of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) among working-age Australians, defined as lost PALYs and lost gross domestic product (GDP).

Methods: A static life-table model was constructed to simulate the experiences of working Australians (between the ages of 15-64 years) with KOA and those without KOA, with follow-up to 65 years (retirement age), a 1-year cycle length, and an annual discount rate of 5%.

Effect of severe compared with moderate energy restriction on physical activity among postmenopausal female adults with obesity: a prespecified secondary analysis of the Type of Energy Manipulation for Promoting optimum metabolic health and body composition in Obesity (TEMPO) Diet randomized controlled Trial.

Background: An under-explored strategy for increasing physical activity is the dietary treatment of obesity, but empirical evidence is lacking.

Objectives: We aimed to compare the effects of weight loss via severe as opposed to moderate energy restriction on physical activity over 36 mo.

Methods: A total of 101 postmenopausal female adults (45-65 y, BMI 30-40 kg/m2, <180 min/wk of structured exercise) were randomly assigned to either 12 mo of moderate energy restriction (25%-35% of energy requirement) with a food-based diet, or a severe intervention involving 4 mo of severe energy restriction (65%-75% of energy requirement) with a total meal replacement diet, followed by 8 mo of moderate energy restriction.

Weight loss is associated with reduced risk of knee and hip replacement: a survival analysis using Osteoarthritis Initiative data.

Objective: To describe the association between body weight change and the risk of knee replacement and hip replacement.

Design: Time-to-event survival analysis from a population-based cohort of participants who had or were at risk of clinically significant knee osteoarthritis at baseline.

Setting: Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI), which collected data from four clinical centres in the United States.

A randomised controlled trial of motivational interview for relapse prevention after release from smoke-free prisons in Australia.

Purpose: This paper aims to determine whether a single session of a motivational interview (MI) reduces smoking relapse amongst people released from smoke-free prisons.

Design/methodology/approach: This study sought to recruit 824 ex-smokers from 2 smoke-free prisons in the Northern Territory, Australia. Participants were randomised to receive either one session (45-60 min) face-to-face MI intervention 4-6 weeks prior to release or usual care (UC) without smoking advice.

Prospective Evaluation of the Association Between Arthritis and Cognitive Functions in Middle-Aged and Elderly Chinese.

Assessing the relation between arthritis and cognitive impairment could expand the understanding of health consequences of arthritis. The aim was to prospectively examine the association between arthritis and cognitive functions among middle-aged and elderly Chinese. Our analyses were based on data from the nationwide China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011-2016).

Clinical relevance of MRI knee abnormalities in Australian rules football players: a longitudinal study.

Background/aim: The clinical relevance of MRI knee abnormalities in athletes is unclear. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of MRI knee abnormalities in Australian Rules Football (ARF) players and describe their associations with pain, function, past and incident injury and surgery history.

Methods: 75 male players (mean age 21, range 16-30) from the Tasmanian State Football League were examined early in the playing season (baseline).

Arthritis is associated with an increased risk of incident diabetes in Chinese adults: A nationwide cohort study and updated meta-analysis.

Aims: To prospectively examine the association between arthritis and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the Chinese population and confirm this association through a comprehensive meta-analysis of cohort studies.

Meterials And Methods: Data were from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study which was started in 2011-2013 and followed up in 2013-2014 and 2015-2016. Arthritis was defined as self-reported physician diagnosis at baseline, and incident T2D was determined by self-reported physician diagnosis, fasting blood glucose ≥7.

Does weight loss reduce the incidence of total knee and hip replacement for osteoarthritis?-A prospective cohort study among middle-aged and older adults with overweight or obesity.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the association between weight change and total knee or hip replacement (TKR or THR) for OA among middle-aged and older adults with overweight or obesity.

Method: Weight data were collected in 2006-2009 and in 2010 from the 45 and Up Study-a population-based cohort aged ≥45 years in New South Wales, Australia. Participants were included if they had a baseline body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m and no history of TKR or THR.

Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Disabling Foot Pain in Patients With Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis.

Objective: The present study was undertaken to determine whether vitamin D supplementation or maintaining sufficient vitamin D level reduces foot pain over 2 years in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods: A post hoc study was conducted from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial named the Vitamin D Effect on Osteoarthritis (VIDEO) study. Symptomatic knee OA patients with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels between 12.

Effect of vitamin D supplementation on pain and physical function in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA): an OA Trial Bank protocol for a systematic review and individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis.

Introduction: Observational data suggest that vitamin D deficiency is associated with the onset and progression of knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to date investigating the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in knee OA have reported conflicting results. Further research is needed to clarify the effects of vitamin D on patient-reported outcomes and determine whether there are patient subgroups who may benefit from the supplementation.

Brief intervention on Smoking, Nutrition, Alcohol and Physical (SNAP) inactivity for smoking relapse prevention after release from smoke-free prisons: a study protocol for a multicentre, investigator-blinded, randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Smoking remains the leading risk factor for disease burden and mortality worldwide. Heavy Smoking is often associated with poor Nutrition, Alcohol abuse and Physical inactivity (known as 'SNAP'). Australia's first prison smoking ban was introduced in the Northern Territory in July 2013.

Vitamin D supplementation and inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers in patients with knee osteoarthritis: post hoc analysis of a randomised controlled trial.

The aim of this study was to determine whether vitamin D supplementation and maintaining vitamin D sufficiency are associated with changes in inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) and vitamin D deficiency. A total of 413 participants with symptomatic knee OA and vitamin D deficiency were enrolled in a randomised, placebo-controlled trial and received 1·25 mg vitamin D3 or placebo monthly for 24 months across two sites. In this post hoc analysis, 200 participants from one site (ninety-four from the placebo group and 106 from the vitamin D group; mean age 63·1 (sd 7·3) years, 53·3 % women) were randomly selected for measurement of serum levels of inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers at baseline and 24 months using immunoassays.

Smoking in Correctional Settings Worldwide: Prevalence, Bans, and Interventions.

Smoking tobacco contributes to 11.5% of deaths worldwide and, in some countries, more hospitalizations than alcohol and drugs combined. Globally in 2015, 25% of men and 5% of women smoked.

Maintaining Vitamin D Sufficiency Is Associated with Improved Structural and Symptomatic Outcomes in Knee Osteoarthritis.

Background: The aim of this study was to describe whether maintaining sufficient serum vitamin D levels in people with knee osteoarthritis and baseline vitamin D insufficiency has an association with change in knee structures and symptoms over 2 years.

Methods: Participants (n = 413, mean age 63.2 years) with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis and vitamin D insufficiency were enrolled in a clinical trial.

Patellofemoral Bone Marrow Lesions: Natural History and Associations With Pain and Structure.

Objective: To describe the natural history of patellofemoral (PF) joint bone marrow lesions (BMLs) over 2.6 years and associations between changes in PF joint BMLs, knee pain, and knee cartilage morphology in older adults over 5 years.

Methods: A prospective population-based cohort study of men and women ages 50-80 years (mean age 63 years, n = 406) was performed.

Do early life factors affect the development of knee osteoarthritis in later life: a narrative review.

Osteoarthritis (OA) mainly affects older populations; however, it is possible that early life factors contribute to the development of OA in later life. The aim of this review is to describe the association between childhood or early adulthood risk factors and knee pain, structural imaging markers and development of knee OA in later life. A narrative overview of the literature synthesising the findings of literature retrieved from searches of computerised databases and manual searches was conducted.

Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi mushroom) for cancer treatment.

Background: Ganoderma lucidum is a natural medicine that is widely used and recommended by Asian physicians and naturopaths for its supporting effects on immune system. Laboratory research and a handful of preclinical trials have suggested that G. lucidum carries promising anticancer and immunomodulatory properties.

Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Tibial Cartilage Volume and Knee Pain Among Patients With Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Observational studies suggest that vitamin D supplementation is associated with benefits for knee osteoarthritis, but current trial evidence is contradictory.

Objective: To compare the effects of vitamin D supplementation vs placebo on knee pain and knee cartilage volume in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis and low vitamin D levels.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A multicenter randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in Tasmania and Victoria, Australia.