Independent Manipulations of Transmitting and Receiving Channels by Nonreciprocal Programmable Metasurface.

The electromagnetic (EM) beam manipulations such as spatial scanning have always been the focus in information science and technology. Generally, the transmitting and receiving (T/R) beams of the same aperture should be coincident due to the reciprocal theory, and hence, more flexible controls of the spatial information are limited accordingly. Here, we propose a new approach to achieve independent controls of beam scanning in spatial T/R channels based on one aperture made by a nonreciprocal programmable metasurface.

[Vertical change of cladoceran ephippial densities in the sediments of Lake Nanyi and its correlation with the nutrients].

We examined the vertical variations of cladoceran ephippia in the sediments (1-28 cm) of Lake Nanyi. Nine cladoceran ephippia (Daphnia similoides sinensis, Daphnia galeata, Daphnia pulex, Ceriodaphnia sp., Moina micrura, Bosmina sp.

Effects of Selenium on Fusarium Growth and Associated Fermentation Products and the Relationship with Chondrocyte Viability.

This study determined the effects of selenium on the growth of Fusarium strains and the effects of products extracted from the fungal cultures on relevant indicators of chondrocytes injury. The results showed that selenium supplementation resulted in differential effects on the mycelial growth of the strains. Levels of the chondrocyte injury indicators, including cell viability, proteoglycan and type II collagen contents and their mRNA expressions, were all reduced to varying degrees when the chondrocytes were incubated with fermentation extracts, the inhibitory effect varied depending on selenium content supplemented to fungal culture media.