Temporal Trends in Syphilis Incidence among Men with HIV in Busan, Korea, 2005-2022: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

We aimed to assess the temporal trends of incident syphilis and its associated risk factors among men with HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) in Korea during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of men with HIV attending an HIV clinic in Korea between 2005 and 2022. Of 767 men with HIV, 499 were included and contributed 3220 person-years (PY) of the observation period.

Changing Trends in the Incidence and Clinical Features of Pneumonia in Non-HIV Patients before and during the COVID-19 Era and Risk Factors for Mortality between 2016 and 2022.

Fungal superinfections have been reported in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We analyzed the incidence and clinical characteristics of pneumonia (PCP) in non-human immunodeficiency virus patients at a tertiary hospital between 2016 and 2022 to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on PCP. The study period was divided into pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 eras based on the pandemic declaration by the World Health Organization.

Multifaceted Evaluation of Antibiotic Therapy as a Factor Associated with Candidemia in Non-Neutropenic Patients.

We aimed to evaluate various aspects of antibiotic therapy as factors associated with candidemia in non-neutropenic patients. A retrospective, matched, case-control study was conducted in two teaching hospitals. Patients with candidemia (cases) were compared to patients without candidemia (controls), matched by age, intensive care unit admission, duration of hospitalization, and type of surgery.

Changing trends in the incidence and spectrum of cancers between 1990 and 2021 among HIV-infected patients in Busan, Korea.

Background: Long-term follow-up data on cancer incidence and spectrum among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals in Korea have been scarce.

Material And Methods: This retrospective cohort study included HIV-infected individuals visiting a tertiary care hospital in Busan, South Korea between 1990 and 2021. The observation was divided into 4 periods.

Nationwide population-based incidence of cancer among patients with HIV/AIDS in South Korea.

Cancers are the leading cause of death among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA); however, nationwide studies on cancer incidence are limited. We aimed to determine the trends in the incidence rates of AIDS-defining cancers (ADCs) and non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs) among Korean PLWHA. Data from the National Health Insurance Sharing Service from 2004 to 2017 were collected.

Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in a tertiary care hospital in Busan, South Korea.

Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection management has recently become more successful. While the life expectancy of HIV-infected patients increased, the prevalence of non-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-defining cancers, such as gastric cancer, also increased. Helicobacter pylori is associated with gastric cancer, the most common cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in South Korea, which has the highest incidence of chronic gastric mucosa inflammation.

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Trends and Risk Factors for Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteremia: 12-Year Experience in a Tertiary Hospital in Korea.

Background: Infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDRPA) have been on the rise worldwide, and delayed active antimicrobial therapy is associated with high mortality. However, few studies have evaluated increases in infections with antimicrobial resistance and risk factors for such antimicrobial resistance in Korea. Here, we analyzed changes in antimicrobial susceptibility associated with bacteremia and identified risk factors of antimicrobial resistance.

Epidemiological and phylogenetic analysis for non-B subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in Busan, Korea.

Recent data on non-B subtypes' epidemiology among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) in Korea are lacking. We aimed to assess the changing trends in the epidemiology of non-B subtypes of HIV-1 in Korea using phyloepidemiological analyses. We analyzed the demographic records and sequencing data obtained from genotypic drug resistance tests between 2005 and 2019 from 517 patients infected with HIV attending a tertiary care hospital in Busan, Korea.

Effect of a group music intervention on cognitive function and mental health outcomes among nursing home residents: A randomized controlled pilot study.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a group music intervention with rhythmic exercises program on cognitive function and mental health outcomes among Korean nursing home residents . A randomized controlled study design was employed, in which the experimental group (n = 20) received a biweekly group music intervention with rhythmic exercises program and a regular activities program for 12 weeks, and the control group (n = 20) received only a regular activities program provided by the nursing home. We measured cognitive function and mental health outcomes using the Mini-Mental State Examination-Korean Version (MMSE-K), Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form-Korean Version (GDSSF-K), Geriatric Anxiety Inventory-Korean Version (GAI-K), and Life Satisfaction Scale.

Prevalence and patterns of illicit drug use in people with human immunodeficiency virus infection in Korea.

Background: Data on illicit drug use by Korean people infected with HIV are lacking. Here, we examined the prevalence and patterns of illicit drug use among people infected with HIV in Korea.

Material And Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we included all patients infected with HIV who visited a tertiary care hospital in Korea from January 1990 to May 2020.

Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head in Korean Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.

Background: Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a disabling condition that often necessitates total hip arthroplasty (THA). Although ONFH occurs more frequently among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) than among the general population, there is little epidemiological information regarding ONFH in Korean patients with HIV. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the incidence and clinical features of ONFH among Korean patients with HIV.

Procalcitonin as a predictor of early antibiotic treatment failure in patients with gram-negative bloodstream infections caused by urinary tract infections.

We retrospectively evaluated whether initial procalcitonin (PCT) levels can predict early antibiotic treatment failure (ATF) in patients with gram-negative bloodstream infections (GN-BSI) caused by urinary tract infections from January 2018 to November 2019. Early ATF was defined as the following: (1) hemodynamically unstable or febrile at Day 3; (2) the need for mechanical ventilation or continuous renal replacement therapy at Day 3; (3) patients who died within 3 days (date of blood culture: Day 0). The study included 189 patients; 42 showed early ATF.

Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19: Clinical Dynamics of Mild Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection Detected by Early Active Surveillance.

Background: There is limited information describing the presenting characteristics and dynamic clinical changes in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection diagnosed in the early phase of illness. This study is a case series of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) admitted to 11 hospitals in Korea.

Methods: Patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection by positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of respiratory specimens by active surveillance that were finally discharged between February 20 and April 30, 2020 were included.

Short Communication: Trends in Transmitted Drug Resistance in Treatment-Naive HIV Patients in Korea.

Transmitted drug resistance (TDR) in treatment-naive HIV patients can contribute to failure of initial antiretroviral therapy. In Korea, there has been a gradual increase in TDR, but the recent increase in the use of integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) could affect TDR trends and INSTI resistance mutations. We evaluated the patterns of TDR in newly diagnosed HIV patients over time from 2011 to 2019.

Investigation of a Mumps Outbreak in a Dental Clinic at a University Hospital.

Background: The Korean Society of Infectious Diseases recommends non-mandatory vaccination of newly employed healthcare workers (HCWs) with 2 measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine doses. Here, we aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of mumps among HCWs exposed to index patients with mumps and the efficacy of MMR vaccination as postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) when a mumps outbreak was encountered among HCWs in a tertiary university hospital in Korea.

Materials And Methods: Four HCWs were diagnosed with mumps over a 4-day period in January 2016.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Carbapenem-resistant Acquisition in an Emergency Intensive Care Unit in a Tertiary Hospital in Korea: a Case-Control Study.

Background: Infections caused by carbapenem-resistant (CRE) are associated with high mortality rates and their treatment is difficult because treatment is limited to certain antibiotics, such as colistin and tigecycline. We aimed to perform active surveillance culture of CRE (ASC-CRE) to monitor the prevalence of CRE acquisition during intensive care unit (ICU) care and to examine the potential risk factors associated with CRE acquisition.

Methods: We conducted ASC-CRE on patients who were admitted to the ICU in the emergency room at a tertiary hospital.

Role of Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in the Era of Combination Antiretroviral Therapy.

Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) diseases are common in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. There are few reports on the epidemiology and endoscopic findings of gastric cancer in patients with HIV infection in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). We retrospectively analyzed upper GI endoscopic findings in patients with HIV infection and investigated their role as gastric cancer screening.

Changing Trends in Pregnancy and Childbirth among Women Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus at a Tertiary Hospital in Korea: A 28-Year Experience.

Background: The reports about fertility desire and pregnancy outcome among women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Korea are scarce. This study aimed to determine the changing trend in pregnancy incidence among women infected with HIV in Korea.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of women infected with HIV visiting Pusan National University Hospital between January 1990 and October 2018.

Trends in Malignancies among Korean Patients Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Era.

Since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy, the life span of people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or AIDS (PWHA) has been extended significantly. Therefore, the importance of non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs), as well as AIDS-defining cancers (ADCs) has increased. There is little information concerning the epidemiology of malignancies in PWHA in Korea.

A Case of Transverse Myelitis Caused by Varicella Zoster Virus in an Immunocompetent Older Patient.

Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a human neurotropic alphaherpesvirus that causes chickenpox (varicella) in children. VZV reactivation may lead to neurological complications, including transverse myelitis. However, transverse myelitis caused by VZV reactivation is rare in immunocompetent patients.

Short- and Long-Term Mortality Rates of Elderly Acute Kidney Injury Patients Who Underwent Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy.

Background: The world's population is aging faster and the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) needing continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is increasing in elderly population. The outcome of AKI needing CRRT in elderly patients is known to be poor. However, the definitions of elderly used in the previous literatures were diverse and, there were few data that compared the long-term mortality rates of these patients with middle aged patients.

The bacterial colonization in tunneled cuffed dialysis catheter and its effects on residual renal function in incident hemodialysis patients.

Background: The bacterial colonization of hemodialysis catheter occurs frequently and reaches to the catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs). We hypothesized bacterial colonization promotes inflammation and that might be associated with renal outcome. The aim of this study was to investigate the colonization status for tunneled cuffed dialysis catheter (TCC) and the factors for contributing to the catheter colonization and explore whether bacterial colonization would be related with declining of residual renal function (RRF).

Maximum standardized uptake value on positron emission tomography/computed tomography predicts clinical outcome in patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Background: Few clinical studies have clarified the prognostic factors that affect clinical outcomes for patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) after immunochemotherapy.

Methods: A total of 158 patients with relapsed or refractory DLBCL were enrolled. All patients underwent positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) before and after salvage therapy.