Dynamically changed HSP70 after reperfusion following cerebral infarction in human and rats: correlation with p38 MAPK.

We aimed to clarify the correlation between dynamic change of blood HSP70 and the prognosis of thrombolysis in human and rats, so as to explain the neuroprotection and early warning role of HSP70 in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Forty-two patients with acute ischemic stroke were divided into two groups according to the time from onset to thrombolytic therapy: 0 h-3 h (27 patients) and 3-4.5 h group (15 patients).

Salidroside promotes pro-angiogenesis and repair of blood brain barrier via Notch/ITGB1 signal path in CSVD Model.

Introduction: Salidroside (SAL), extracted from Rhodiola rosea, has been widely used in coronary heart disease and myocardial ischemia for decades. Previous studies have demonstrated that SAL could reduce arteriosclerosis, and thus combat ischemic brain damage. However, the in-depth function of the salidroside in Cerebral Small Vascular Disease (CSVD) has not been discovered, and related molecular mechanism is still unclear.

Effects of PEG antibodies on in vivo performance of LNP-mRNA vaccines.

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) plays important roles in stabilizing and lengthening circulation time of lipid nanoparticle (LNP) vaccines. Nowadays various levels of PEG antibodies have been detected in human blood, but the impact and mechanism of PEG antibodies on the in vivo performance of LNP vaccines has not been clarified thoroughly. By illustrating the distribution characteristics of PEG antibodies in human, the present study focused on the influence of PEG antibodies on the safety and efficacy of LNP-mRNA vaccine against COVID-19 in animal models.

Integrated Analysis of Chromatin and Transcriptomic Profiling Identifies PU.1 as a Core Regulatory Factor in Microglial Activation Induced by Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion.

In addition to causing white matter lesions, chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) can also cause damage to gray matter, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. In order to obtain a better understanding of the relationship between gene expression and transcriptional regulation alterations, novel upstream regulators could be identified using integration analysis of the transcriptome and epigenetic approaches. Here, a bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) model was established for inducing CCH in mice.

Transcriptome Profiling of Hippocampus After Cerebral Hypoperfusion in Mice.

Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is considered to be one of the major mechanism in the pathogenesis of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Increased inflammatory cells, particularly microglia, often parallel hypoperfusion-induced gray matter damage such as hippocampal lesions, but the exact mechanism remains largely unknown. To understand the pathological mechanisms, we analyzed hippocampus-specific transcriptome profiles after cerebral hypoperfusion.

Cortex-specific transcriptome profiling reveals upregulation of interferon-regulated genes after deeper cerebral hypoperfusion in mice.

Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is commonly accompanied by brain injury and glial activation. In addition to white matter lesions, the intensity of CCH greatly affects the degree of gray matter damage. However, little is understood about the underlying molecular mechanisms related to cortical lesions and glial activation following hypoperfusion.

The m6A reader PRRC2A is essential for meiosis I completion during spermatogenesis.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and its reader proteins YTHDC1, YTHDC2, and YTHDF2 have been shown to exert essential functions during spermatogenesis. However, much remains unknown about m6A regulation mechanisms and the functions of specific readers during the meiotic cell cycle. Here, we show that the m6A reader Proline rich coiled-coil 2A (PRRC2A) is essential for male fertility.

Multicentre registration of wake-up stroke in China (MCRWUSC): a protocol for a prospective, multicentre, registry-based cohort study.

Introduction: Wake-up stroke (WUS) is a type of acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) that occurs during sleep with unknown time of symptom onset. The best treatment is usually not suitable for WUS, as thrombolysis is usually provided to patients who had a symptomatic AIS within a definite 4.5 hours, and WUS remains a therapeutic quandary.

TBC1D21 is an essential factor for sperm mitochondrial sheath assembly and male fertility‡.

During spermiogenesis, the formation of the mitochondrial sheath is critical for male fertility. The molecular processes that govern the development of the mitochondrial sheath remain unknown. Whether TBC1D21 serves as a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for GTP hydrolysis in the testis is unclear, despite recent findings indicating that it collaborates with numerous proteins to regulate the formation of the mitochondrial sheath.

Interrogating preclinical study of liposomes: The effect of mouse strain reexamined.

Mice are arguably the most important tool in the preclinical evaluation of liposomes; however, the effects of inter-strain physiological variabilities on in vivo performance of liposomes have been seriously overlooked. The present study validated that plasma proteins (PPs) and the capability of mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) (typically expressed by phagocytosis rate, K) were mice strain-dependent. Physiological variabilities in PPs and the phagocytosis rate jointly contributed to the inter-strain inconsistency of pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of liposomes.

Interrogation of Folic Acid-Functionalized Nanomedicines: The Regulatory Roles of Plasma Proteins Reexamined.

Folic acid (FA) has been extensively exploited to facilitate targeted delivery of nanomedicines by recognizing the folate receptor-α (FR-α) overexpressed in many human cancers. Unfortunately, none have been approved for clinical use yet. Here we reveal that FA functionalization induces heavy natural IgM absorption on the liposomal surface, depriving FA of receptor recognition and accelerating complement activation .

Silibinin inhibits endometrial carcinoma via blocking pathways of STAT3 activation and SREBP1-mediated lipid accumulation.

Aims: To seek new conservative treatments for young women with early-stage endometrial carcinoma (EC) who desire to retain fertility, we investigated the effects and the underlying mechanism of silibinin in EC, which exhibits promising anti-cancer and tumour-suppressing properties in many malignant tumours.

Main Methods: Through relevant experiments such as MTT assay, cell colony formation assay and subcutaneous xenograft experiment, we showed that silibinin inhibited the proliferation of EC cells and tumours. Silibinin significantly induced cell cycle arrest and promoted apoptosis in vitro.

Spatiotemporal expression of NDRG2 in the human fetal brain.

N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) has been implicated in the development of central nervous system and brain diseases such as brain tumors, ischemic stroke and neurodegenerative disorders. However, it remains unclear that the spatiotemporal distribution of NDRG2 in the human fetal brain. In this study, we examined the expression pattern of NDRG2 in different regions of human fetal brain at 16-28 gestational weeks (GWs) by using RT-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry.

Role of leptin and the leptin receptor in the pathogenesis of varicocele-induced testicular dysfunction.

The present study investigated the expression of leptin and its receptor in the left testis and hypothalamus of rats with varicocele and clarified their roles in the pathogenesis of varicocele‑induced testicular dysfunction. A total of 40 male rats were divided randomly into four groups. Groups 1 (G1) and 3 (G3) underwent a sham operation.

MiR-9 Promotes Apoptosis Suppressing SMC1A Expression in GBM Cell Lines.

Objective: Glioblastomas multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant brain cancer, which presented vast genomic variation with complicated pathologic mechanism.

Method: MicroRNA is a delicate post-transcriptional tuner of gene expression in the organisms by targeting and regulating protein coding genes. MiR-9 was reported as a significant biomarker for GBM patient prognosis and a key factor in regulation of GBM cancer stem cells.

Impaired mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetics in diabetic skeletal muscle.

In most cells, mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that constantly fuse, divide and move. These processes allow mitochondria to redistribute in a cell and exchange contents among the mitochondrial population, and subsequently repair damaged mitochondria. However, most studies on mitochondrial dynamics have been performed on cultured cell lines and neurons, and little is known about whether mitochondria are dynamic organelles in vivo, especially in the highly specialized and differentiated adult skeletal muscle cells.

Association between MTHFR gene polymorphisms, smoking, and the incidence of vascular dementia.

This study investigated the relationship between N5,N10-methylene tetrahydrofolic acid reductase (MTHFR) polymorphisms, smoking, and vascular dementia (VD). Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was used to analyze the frequency of the C/T polymorphism at position 677 of the MTHFR gene in 304 VD patients and 300 control patients with nondementia cerebral infarction. The CC, CT, and TT genotype frequencies of the MTHFR gene were 43.

Low dose bisphenol A impairs spermatogenesis by suppressing reproductive hormone production and promoting germ cell apoptosis in adult rats.

Bisphenol A (BPA), an estrogenic chemical, has been shown to reduce sperm count; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Herein, we show that oral administration of BPA (2 µg/kg) for consecutive 14 days in adult rats (BPA rats) significantly reduced the sperm count and the number of germ cells compared to controls. The serum levels of testosterone and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), as well as the level of GnRH mRNA in BPA rats were lower than those of control rats.

A clinical study of the effects of lead poisoning on the intelligence and neurobehavioral abilities of children.

Background: Lead is a heavy metal and important environmental toxicant and nerve poison that can destruction many functions of the nervous system. Lead poisoning is a medical condition caused by increased levels of lead in the body. Lead interferes with a variety of body processes and is toxic to many organs and issues, including the central nervous system.

Increase of anteroventral periventricular kisspeptin neurons and generation of E2-induced LH-surge system in male rats exposed perinatally to environmental dose of bisphenol-A.

Perinatal exposure to environmental levels of bisphenol-A (BPA) impairs sexually dimorphic behaviors in rodents. Kisspeptin neurons in anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV), which plays an important role in the activation of GnRH neurons and the initiation of LH-surge, have been suggested to be sexual dimorphism in rats. This study focused on exploring the influence of a perinatal exposure to an environmental dose of BPA on the development and maturation of male AVPV kisspeptin neurons and hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis.